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. 2018 Feb 20;10(9):4579–4590. doi: 10.1039/c7nr07344e

Fig. 2. Measurement of the force in lateral magnetic tweezers in regular flow cells. (A) A cartoon of the geometric representation of extension (l) measurements in vertical pulling, considering the DNA molecule is attached to the lowest part of the bead. (B) A cartoon of the geometric representation of extension measurements in lateral pulling. The extension is computed as Inline graphic. This assumes that the DNA is attached analogously to vertical pulling. (C) Position coordinates (x, y, z) and extension (l) of a DNA molecule measured in a lateral pulling cycle, where the force is first suddenly increased (by moving the magnet to the closest position) (t = 20 s) and then decreased, in a stepwise manner. This produced a fast increase of the x signal and a small peak (arrow) that occurs just before the lift-off of the bead from the surface (left dashed line). The bead rests again at the surface beyond t = 95 s where the z measurement is close to zero (black arrow, and right dashed line), and the x coordinate recovers its maximum value.

Fig. 2