Table 2.

Carcinogenic potential of clomiphene citrate

Study design	Cancer type	Result	References
383 women	Endometrium	No risk	Benshushan et al. (2001)
2015 women	Ovarium	No risk	Rossing et al. (2004)
12,193 women	Breast	Increased risk	Brinton et al. (2004)
8422 women	Melanoma, thyroid, colon, cervix	Increased melanoma and thyroid cancer risk among nulligravid women	Althuis et al. (2005)
54,362 women	Thyroid	Increased risk	Hannibal et al. (2008)
15,030 women	Uterus, breast, melanoma, non-hodgking lymphoma	Increased risk	Calderon-Margalit et al. (2009)
15,030 women	Ovarium	No risk	Calderon-Margalit et al. (2009)
54,362 women	Uterus	Increased risk among ≥ 6 cycles clomiphene citrate user	Jensen et al. (2009)
7355 women	Breast, corpus uteri, ovarium	No risk	Santos Silva et al. (2009)
18 patients	Breast	No risk	Sönmezer et al. (2010)
3091 women	Breast	Reduced risk	Fei et al. (2012)
12,193 women	Ovarium	No risk	Trabert et al. (2013)
12,193 women	Breast	Increased risk among multiple clomiphene citrate user	Brinton et al. (2014)
1073 women	Ovarian	No risk	Perri et al. (2015)
12,193 women	Lung, colorectal	No risk	Brinton et al. (2015)
12,193 women	Melanoma, thyroid	Increased risk	Brinton et al. (2015)