Table 3.
Coefficient estimates (SE) of total sugar density in beverages (g/100 mL) and foods (g/100 g).
| Covariates | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beverages | Foods | Beverages | Foods | |
| Australia: does not contain NNS 1 | −3.36 *** (−3.36) | −2.18 (1.50) | −2.41 *** (0.67) | −2.00 (1.50) |
| Mexico: does not contain NNS 1 | 0.88 (0.88) | −0.89 (1.38) | 2.07 ** (0.60) | 0.13 (1.38) |
| New Zealand: does not contain NNS 1 | −4.17 *** (0.66) | −1.96 (1.43) | −4.19 *** (0.65) | −1.85 (1.43) |
| US: Contains NNS (as only added sweetener) 1 | −8.70 *** (0.39) | −23.24 *** (2.61) | −7.47 *** (0.59) | −25.48 *** (3.78) |
| Australia: Contains NNS 2 | 2.61 (3.85) | −10.43 (24.26) | 1.24 (3.80) | −5.26 (24.26) |
| Mexico: Contains NNS 2 | 3.92 *** (1.07) | 8.18 (7.45) | 4.77 *** (1.06) | 9.36 (7.46) |
| New Zealand: Contains NNS 2 | 2.00 (2.64) | 4.16 (19.08) | 1.60 (2.60) | 7.33 (19.09) |
| Over 4 countries: Contains added sugar ingredients (as only added sweetener) 3 | 10.46 *** (0.36) | 13.23 *** (0.74) | ||
| Over 4 countries: Contains NNS and added sugar ingredients 3 | −0.57 (0.70) | 10.30 * (4.85) | ||
| Total number of products | 37,583 | 239,695 | 37,583 | 239,695 |
Notes: NNS = non-nutritive sweeteners. Beverage models control for beverage categories; foods models control for food categories. 1 Referent are US products that do not contain NNS. 2 Referent are US products that contain NNS. 3 Referent are products that contain neither added sugars or NNS ingredients. Model 1 examines the association between the presence of NNS with total sugar density among products between countries. Model 2 extends Model 1 with including the interaction of presence of NNS and the presence of added sugar ingredients across all four countries. *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05.