Table A2.

Unadjusted and adjusted associations between serum carotenoids and the presence of high inflammation determined by hsCRP and RBP4 ^a.

Carotenoids (μmol/L) b	hsCRP (mg/L)				RBP4 (μg/mL)
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 1		Model 2
	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p
Total carotenoids	0.31 (0.22–0.45)	<0.001	0.42 (0.29–0.61)	<0.001	0.42 (0.27–0.64)	<0.001	0.43 (0.27–0.67)	<0.001
α-Carotene	0.38 (0.29–0.49)	<0.001	0.48 (0.37–0.63)	<0.001	0.60 (0.43–0.82)	<0.001	0.64 (0.46–0.90)	0.009
β-Carotene	0.39 (0.30–0.49)	<0.001	0.51 (0.40–0.67)	<0.001	0.64 (0.48–0.85)	<0.001	0.68 (0.50–0.93)	0.015
β-Cryptoxanthin	0.72 (0.57–0.91)	0.006	0.76 (0.59–0.97)	0.029	0.70 (0.52–0.95)	<0.001	0.75 (0.55–1.01)	0.060
Lycopene	0.38 (0.28–0.50)	<0.001	0.46 (0.34–0.62)	<0.001	0.54 (0.38–0.76)	<0.001	0.54 (0.38–0.77)	0.001
Lutein + zeaxanthin	0.60 (0.43–0.83)	0.002	0.73 (0.52–1.04)	0.085	0.44 (0.29–0.65)	<0.001	0.44 (0.29–0.68)	<0.001

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; Ref.: referent group; TC: total cholesterol. ^a Elevated inflammation levels which determined by hsCRP (≥1.0 mg/L) [38] and RBP4 (arbitrarily defined as top quintile by sex) (40.62 μg/mL in female and 44.70 μg/mL in male). ^b All variables were the log transformed values. (Model 1): adjusted for age and gender; (Model 2), adjusted for age, gender, marital status, education level, household income (Yuan/month per person), smoking, drinking, vitamin supplements, MET (exclude sleeping and rest), TC, and BMI.