Table 3.
In silico putative mRNA targets for placental miRNAs under study. For each miRNA, the mRNA targets (n = 15), description, function and the experimentally validated methods are indicated.
| miRNAs | Target mRNAs | Description | Function | Validated methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-16 | CCNE1 | Cyclin E1 | Cell cycle | RS, WB, qP, NGS[b], MA[a,b], IP[a] |
| BCL2 | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 | Apoptosis | RS, WB, qP, MA, NGS[b], IP[a] | |
| ARL2 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 | Cell cycle | RS, WB, qP[b], MA[a,b], IP[a] | |
| HMGA1 | High mobility group AT-hook 1 | Controls many cellular processes | RS, WB, qP, NGS[b], IP[a] | |
| CDK6 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 | Cell cycle | RS, WB, qP, NGS[b], IP[a] | |
| CCND1 | Cyclin D1 | Cell cycle | RS, WB, qP, NGS[b], IP[a] | |
| CCND3 | Cyclin D3 | Cell cycle | RS, WB, qP[b], IP[a] | |
| CHUK | Conserved Helix-Loop-Helix Ubiquitous Kinase | NF-kappa-B signaling pathway | RS[b], WB, qP[a,b], IP[a] | |
| RECK | Reversion-Inducing-Cysteine-Rich Protein With Kazal Motifs | Suppressor of tumorigenicity | RS, WB, qP, NGS[b], IP[a] | |
| CAPRIN1 | Cell cycle associated protein 1 | Synaptic plasticity in neurons & cell proliferation | RS, WB, qP[b], IP[a] | |
| PPM1D | Protein phosphatase, Mg+2/Mn+2dependent, 1D | Cell cycle | RS, WB, qP[b], IP[a] | |
| HMGA2 | High Mobility Group AT-Hook 2 | Cell cycle | RS, WB, qP[b], IP[a] | |
| FGFR1 | Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 | Controls many cellular processes | RS, WB, qP[b], IP[a] | |
| ZYX | Zyxin | Signal transduction | RS, WB, qP[b], IP[a] | |
| VEGFA | Vascular endothelial growth factor A | Angiogenesis & endothelial cell growth | RS, WB, qP[a,b], NGS[b] | |
| miR-20a | TGFBR2 | Transforming growth factor, beta receptor II | Controls many cellular processes | RS[a,b], WB, qP, MA,NGS[b], IP[a] |
| E2F1 | E2F transcription factor 1 | Cell cycle & DNA replication | RS, WB, qP, MA, NGS[b], IP[a] | |
| CDKN1A | Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1A | Cell cycle | RS, WB, qP[a,b], NGS[b], IP[a] | |
| STAT3 | Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3 (Acute-Phase Response Factor) | JAK-STAT signaling cascade | RS, WB, qP, MA, NGS[b], IP[a] | |
| LIMK1 | LIM Domain Kinase 1 | Regulation of actin filament dynamics & signal transduction | RS, WB, qP, MA[b], IP[a] | |
| DUSP2 | Dual Specificity Phosphatase 2 | Regulates mitogenic signal transduction | RS, WB, qP, NGS[b], IP[a] | |
| BMPR2 | Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type II (serine/threonine kinase) | Endochondral bone formation & embryogenesis | RS, WB, qP, NGS[b], IP[a] | |
| APP | Amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein | Neurite growth, neuronal adhesion & axonogenesis | RS, WB, qP[b], IP[a] | |
| RUNX1 | Runt-related transcription factor 1 | Development of normal hematopoiesis | RS, WB, qP[b], IP[a] | |
| MAP3K5 | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 | In cascades of cellular responses | RS, WB, qP[b], IP[a] | |
| HIF1A | Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1, Alpha Subunit | Energy metabolism, angiogenesis, apoptosis | RS, WB, qP, NGS[b] | |
| BNIP2 | BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 2 | Suppression of cell death | WB, qP, NGS[b], IP[a] | |
| CCND1 | Cyclin D1 | Cell cycle | RS[a,b], WB, qP, NGS[b] | |
| PTEN | Phosphatase and tensin homolog | Tumor suppressor | RS[a,b], WB, qP, NGS[b] | |
| KIT | v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog | Proto-oncogene | RS, WB, qP, MA[b] | |
| miR-21 | BTG2 | BTG family, member 2 | Cell cycle | RS, WB, qP, MA,NGS[b], IP[a] |
| PDCD4 | Programmed cell death 4 (neoplastic transformation inhibitor) | Inhibits translation initiation | RS, WB, qP, MA,NGS[b], IP[a] | |
| TGFBR2 | Transforming growth factor, beta receptor II | Controls many cellular responses | RS, WB, qP, MA[a,b], IP[a] | |
| NFIB | Nuclear Factor I/B | Transcription & replication | RS, WB, qP[b], IP, MA[a] | |
| CDC25A | Cell Division Cycle 25A | Cell cycle | RS, qP, NGS[b], MA[a,b], IP[a] | |
| RASGRP1 | RAS guanyl releasing protein 1 (calcium and DAG-regulated) | Regulates T- & B-cells development | RS, WB, qP, NGS[b], MA[a,b] | |
| JAG1 | Jagged 1 | Notch signaling- in cell-fate during hematopoiesis, in early & late stages of mammalian cardiovascular development | RS, WB, NGS[b], IP[a] | |
| APAF1 | Apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 | Activation of CASP3 | RS, WB, qP[b], MA[a,b] | |
| TIMP3 | TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 | Inhibits matrix metalloproteinases | RS, WB, qP, MA[a,b] | |
| SOX5 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 5 | Transcription factor- embryonic development & cell fate | RS, WB, qP, MA[b] | |
| RECK | Reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs | Tumor invasion and metastasis | RS, WB, qP, MA[a,b] | |
| PTEN | Phosphatase and tensin homolog | Tumor suppressor | RS, WB, qP, MA[a,b] | |
| TPM1 | Tropomyosin 1 (alpha) | Ca+2 dependent regulation of striated muscle contraction | RS, WB, qP, MA[b] | |
| BCL2 | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 | Apoptosis | RS, WB, qP, NGS[b] | |
| E2F1 | E2F transcription factor 1 | Cell cycle & DNA replication | RS, WB, qP[b] | |
| miR-34a | CDK6 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 | Cell cycle | RS, WB, qP, MA[a,b], NGS[b], IP[a] |
| CCNE2 | Cyclin E2 | Cell cycle | RS, WB, qP, NGS[b], MA[a,b], IP[a] | |
| E2F3 | E2F transcription factor 3 | Cell cycle & DNA replication | RS, NGS[b], WB, qP, MA[a,b], IP[a] | |
| CDK4 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 | Cell cycle | RS, WB, qP[a,b], MA[b], IP[a] | |
| NOTCH1 | Notch 1 | Variety of developmental processes by controlling cell fate decisions- development | RS, WB, qP[a,b], MA[b], IP[a] | |
| NOTCH2 | Notch 2 | Variety of developmental processes by controlling cell fate decisions- development | RS, WB, qP, MA[a,b], IP[a] | |
| MYC | v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog | Cell cycle, apoptosis & cellular transformation | RS, WB, qP, MA, NGS[b] | |
| JAG1 | Jagged 1 | Notch signaling- in cell-fate during hematopoiesis, in early & late stages of mammalian cardiovascular development | RS, WB, qP[a,b], MA[b] | |
| CCND1 | Cyclin D1 | Cell cycle | RS, NGS[b], WB, qP[a,b], | |
| BCL2 | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 | Apoptosis | RS, WB, qP[a,b], MA[b] | |
| MYB | V-Myb Avian Myeloblastosis Viral Oncogene Homolog | Hematopoiesis & tumorigenesis | RS, MA[a,b], WB, qP[b] | |
| SIRT1 | Sirtuin 1 | Coordination of several separated cellular functions such as cell cycle, | RS, WB, qP[a,b], MA[a] | |
| HNF4A | Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha | Development of | RS, WB, MA[a,b], qP[b] | |
| MET | MET Proto-Oncogene, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase | Controls many cellular processes | RS[b], WB, qP, MA[a,b] | |
| MYCN | V-Myc Avian Myelocytomatosis Viral Oncogene Neuroblastoma Derived Homolog | Transcription factor | RS, WB, qP, MA[b] | |
| miR-146a | IRAK1 | Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 1 | Innate immune response | RS, qP, MA[b], WB[a,b], IP[a] |
| PTGS2 | Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 (Prostaglandin G/H Synthase And Cyclooxygenase) | Inflammatory prostaglandins | RS, WB, qP[b], IP[a] | |
| STAT1 | Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 1, 91kDa | Mediates cellular responses to interferons & cytokines | RS, WB, qP[b], IP[a] | |
| NFKB1 | Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 | Transcription factor-immune response | RS, WB, qP, MA, NGS[b] | |
| CXCR4 | Chemokine receptor 4 | Maintenance of immune function | RS, qP, MA[b], WB[a,b] | |
| SMAD4 | SMAD family member 4 | TGF-beta signaling | RS, WB, qP[a,b], MA[b] | |
| BRCA1 | Breast cancer 1, early onset | Tumor suppressor & maintains genomic stability | RS, WB, qP, MA[b] | |
| EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor | Controls many cellular responses | RS, qP[b], WB[a,b] | |
| TLR2 | Toll-Like Receptor 2 | Innate immune system | RS,WB[b], qP[a,b] | |
| TRAF6 | TNF receptor-associated factor 6, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase | Immune response | RS, WB, qP, MA[b] | |
| TLR4 | Toll-like receptor 4 | Innate immune system | RS, WB, qP, MA[b] | |
| CD40LG | CD40 Ligand | Immune system | RS, WB, qP[b] | |
| CARD10 | Caspase Recruitment Domain Family, Member 10 | Apoptosis | RS, WB, qP[a,b] | |
| NUMB | Numb Homolog (Drosophila) | Cell fates during development & neurogenesis | RS, WB, qP[b] | |
| ELAVL1 | ELAV Like RNA Binding Protein 1 | Variety of biological processes & diseases | RS, WB, qP[b] | |
| miR-222 | CDKN1B | Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1B | Cell cycle | RS, WB[a,b], qP, MA, NGS[b], IP[a] |
| FOS | FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog | Signal transduction, cell proliferation & differentiation | RS, WB, qP, NGS[b], IP[a] | |
| TRPS1 | Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome I | Transcriptional repressor | RS, WB, qP, MA[b], IP[a] | |
| ETS1 | V-Ets Avian Erythroblastosis Virus E26 Oncogene Homolog 1 | Transcription factor in wide variety of different cellular processes | RS[a,b], WB, qP[b], IP[a] | |
| KIT | v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog | Proto-oncogene | RS[a,b], WB, qP, MA[b] | |
| SOD2 | Superoxide Dismutase 2, mitochondrial | Binds to O2− | RS, WB, qP, MA[b] | |
| MMP1 | Matrix metallopeptidase 1 | Cleaves collagens | RS, WB, qP, MA[b] | |
| PTEN | Phosphatase and tensin homolog | Tumor suppressor | RS, WB, qP, MA[b] | |
| STAT5A | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A | Signal transduction & activation of transcription | RS, WB, qP[b] | |
| FOXO3 | Forkhead box O3 | Transcription factor for apoptosis | RS, WB, qP[b] | |
| CDKN1C | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C | Negative regulator of cell proliferation | RS[a,b], WB, qP[b] | |
| ESR1 | Estrogen receptor 1 | Controls many cellular processes | RS, WB, qP[b] | |
| TMED7 | Transmembrane Emp24 Protein Transport Domain Containing 7 | Vesicular protein trafficking | WB, qP[b], IP[a] | |
| CERS2 | Ceramide Synthase 2 | Regulates cell growth | RS, WB, qP[b] | |
| DKK2 | Dickkopf WNT Signaling Pathway Inhibitor 2 | In embryonic development & Wnt signaling | RS, WB, qP[b] |