Table 4.
Multivariate Models of Exposure to Violence and 1995 Homicide: Interactive Effects of Active Streets and Social Organization.
| Exposure to Violencea | 1995 Homicideb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| Independent Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
| Active Streets | .6701 (.4779) | .7911 (.5280) | −.4643+ (.2430) | −.4848+ (.2713) |
| Active Streets2 | −.0376** (.0108) | −.0298 (.0182) | −.0222*** (.0065) | −.0151+ (.0084) |
| Mixed Land Use | −.0028 (.5519) | .0284 (.5569) | ||
| Business Presence | .1401** (.0505) | .1017* (.0487) | ||
| Concentrated Disadvantage | .3531** (.0986) | .4185*** (.0902) | .3022*** (.0517) | .2556*** (.0420) |
| Residential Stability | −.1561+ (.0910) | −.1099 (.0857) | −.0253 (.0386) | .0230 (.0374) |
| Immigrant Concentration | −.0107 (.0821) | −.0014 (.0842) | −.0155 (.0307) | −.0345 (.0326) |
| Ln. Population Density | −.3668** (.1278) | −.3779** (.1257) | −.0365 (.0597) | −.0740 (.0591) |
| Anonymity | −.3561 (.3018) | −.3023 (.1852) | ||
| Anonymity*Street Activity | .0027 (.0141) | .0073 (.0070) | ||
| Anonymity*Street Activity2 | −.0002 (.0004) | .0006* (.0003) | ||
| Collective Efficacy | −.0212 (.3105) | −.4254+ (.2199) | ||
| Coll. Eff. * Street Activity | .0088 (.0156) | .0038 (.0077) | ||
| Coll. Eff. * Street Activity2 | .0004 (.0005) | −.0003 (.0003) | ||
| Intercept | −1.1378*** (.0895) | −1.1409*** (.0928) | −1.2589*** (.0401) | −1.2595*** (.0408) |
|
| ||||
| Neighborhood-Level N | 157 | 157 | 176 | 176 |
+
p<.10
*
p<.05
**
<.01
***
p<.001 (two-tailed significance tests).
a
Three-level Rasch models (log odds with robust standard errors in parentheses; coefficients on individual-level controls not shown).
b
OLS regressions (coefficients with robust standard errors in parentheses).
c
Two-level hierarchical logit models (log odds and robust standard errors in parentheses; coefficients on individual-level controls not shown).