Increased CCL15 levels are associated with high nonrelapse mortality rate but not disease severity. (A) Plasma concentrations of CCL15 were measured by ELISA in a cohort of 178 cGVHD patients, 33 no-cGVHD transplant recipients, and 15 healthy donors. Differences of CCL15 levels between patients with and without cGVHD were compared with Wilcoxon 2-sample tests. CCL15 concentration was significantly higher in cGVHD patients as compared with no cGVHD. (B) cGVHD patients were subcategorized into 2 groups based on severity of disease. Data are illustrated as box-and-whisker plots, with the whiskers indicating the 90th and 10th percentiles. P values compare controls (n = 33) vs patients with mild to moderate cGVHD (n = 116), and patients with mild to moderate cGVHD vs those with severe cGVHD (n = 62), according to Wilcoxon 2-sample tests. CCL15 levels were not different between severity groups. (C) NRM stratified by CCL15 concentrations. The cumulative incidence of NRM is plotted (total of 21 NRM deaths), divided according to the median value of CCL15 among patients with cGVHD. The NRM at 48 months was higher for the group above the median value HR, 2.89 (1.1-7.4), P = .03). HR, hazard ratio; ns, not significant.