Table 1.
Means of Wave 1 control, Wave K ZIP code, and outcome variables, overall and within each mover status
| Overall Sample | SD | Mover status | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonmover | Moved once | Moved twice | Moved 3 times | Moved 4+ | |||
| Proportion of sample | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.14 | ||
| Number of moves (0–10) | 1.71 | 1.79 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 5.14 |
| ZIP Code Characteristics (Wave K) | |||||||
| Deprivation index (−5.12 – 16.62) | 1.25 | 2.52 | 1.26 | 1.20 | 1.31 | 1.26 | 1.26 |
| Median HH income (6.96 – 185.47) | 4.57 | 1.76 | 4.71 | 4.77* | 4.50 | 4.41 | 4.10* |
| % with college degree+ (0 – .81) | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.21* | 0.21* | 0.25 |
| Controls | |||||||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
| NH White∘~ | 0.54 | 0.61 | 0.56 | 0.48 | 0.46 | 0.50 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black∘ | 0.13 | 0.10* | 0.12 | 0.17* | 0.16* | 0.15 | |
| Hispanic∘ | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.31* | 0.29 | |
| Other∘ | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.06 | |
| Teen parent∘ | 0.13 | 0.04* | 0.07* | 0.15* | 0.17* | 0.35* | |
| Male∘ | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.55* | 0.53 | 0.53 | |
| Child age in months (Wave 1) | 10.47 | 1.95 | 10.24* | 10.44 | 10.47 | 10.71* | 10.65* |
| Child age in months (Wave K) | 68.15 | 4.42 | 67.82* | 68.12 | 68.00 | 68.53* | 68.73* |
| Mom’s education | |||||||
| Less than high school∘ | 0.18 | 0.13* | 0.13* | 0.21* | 0.23* | 0.31* | |
| High school diploma/GED∘ | 0.33 | 0.28* | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.39* | |
| Some college∘ | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.22 | 0.28* | 0.21* | |
| College degree∘ | 0.16 | 0.22* | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.11* | 0.07* | |
| Advanced degree∘~ | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.02 | |
| Income-to-needs (.06 – 19.02) | 2.88 | 2.78 | 3.49* | 3.39* | 2.46* | 2.06* | 1.91* |
| Relationship status at birth | |||||||
| Married∘~ | 0.65 | 0.81 | 0.73 | 0.59 | 0.53 | 0.44 | |
| Cohabiting∘ | 0.22 | 0.12* | 0.18* | 0.26* | 0.31* | 0.33* | |
| Single∘ | 0.13 | 0.07* | 0.09* | 0.15* | 0.16* | 0.23* | |
| # other children (Wave 1) | 0.15 | 0.60 | 0.07* | 0.09* | 0.24* | 0.20* | 0.29* |
| Region (Wave K) | |||||||
| Northeast∘~ | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.10 | |
| Midwest∘ | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.24 | |
| South∘ | 0.38 | 0.33* | 0.37 | 0.41* | 0.46* | 0.38 | |
| West∘ | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.28* | |
| Urbanicity (Wave K) | |||||||
| Urban area∘~ | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.76 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.64 | |
| Urban cluster∘ | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.15* | 0.16* | |
| Rural∘ | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.14* | 0.21* | |
| Cognitive score (Wave 1; −3.39 – 4.95) | 0.18 | 0.98 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.22 | 0.25 |
| Behavior score (Wave 1; −3.75 – 1.96) | 0.10 | 0.96 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.07 |
| Not biomom at one wave or more∘ | 0.07 | 0.05* | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.09* | |
| Outcomes (Wave K) | |||||||
| Overall behavior (−3.8 – 2.0) | 0.03 | 1.00 | 0.15* | 0.12* | 0.04 | −0.15* | −0.26* |
| Externalizing behavior (1 – 5) | 1.90 | 0.77 | 1.81* | 1.83* | 1.90 | 2.07* | 2.11* |
| Internalizing behavior (1 – 5) | 1.98 | 0.78 | 1.92* | 1.96 | 1.93* | 2.07* | 2.12* |
| Approaches to learning (1 – 5) | 3.93 | 0.85 | 4.02* | 3.99 | 3.92 | 3.79* | 3.71* |
| Social behavior (1 – 5) | 3.61 | 0.76 | 3.65 | 3.65 | 3.62 | 3.60 | 3.47* |
Source: ECLS-B
Notes: Adjusted for complex sampling design. Range for continuous variables given in parentheses. SD = standard deviation.
∘
Denotes yes/no variable.
~
Referent, no significance tests.
*
Mean is outside 95% confidence interval of overall sample mean.
N≈5,050. Means are given within each of the mover status categories.