. 2018 Apr 19;6:e4675. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4675

Table 2. Results of pre-post changes for body mass index, fitness, BDNF, CTHB and CANTAB measures.

	Exercise (n = 12)					Control (n = 10)					Group differences
Variables	Pre mean (SD)	Post mean (SD)	t	p	d	Pre mean (SD)	Post mean (SD)	t	p	d	F	p	d_ppc2
Biological
BMI (kg/m²)	24.66 (3.68)	24.98 (3.19)	0.18	0.86	0.075	22.90 (4.42)	22.64 (4.35)	0.11	0.92	0.049	0.040	0.84	0.14
VO₂max (ml/kg/min)	17.06 (6.12)	25.79 (11.29)	3.41	0.024	1.39	26.17 (6.53)	25.42 (3.24)	0.41	0.70^a	0.19	7.90	0.044^a	1.48
BDNF (pg/ml)	9,079 (3,479)	8,680 (3,781)	0.51	0.62	0.21	8,751 (2,198)	9,528 (2,612)	1.25	0.24	0.56	1.29	0.27	0.39
CTHB (pg/ml)	36,011 (10,778)	36,332 (15,178)	0.079	0.939	0.024	40,972 (18,366)	37,526 (10,826)^a	1.38	0.204	0.195	0.812	0.379	0.253
CANTAB
DMS (% correct)	92.22 (8.91)	91.67 (9.04)	0.14	0.89	0.057	90.67 (10.52)	89.33 (10.04)	0.41	0.69	0.18	0.022	0.89	0.081
DMS response latency (ms)	3,364 (1,057)	3,428 (863.7)	0.143	0.889	0.058	3,660 (730.3)	3,239 (494.6)	1.91	0.089	0.85	0.838	0.37	0.52
PAL (total errors)	7.42 (4.80)	3.42 (3.32)	3.30	0.042	1.35	7.80 (5.453)	4.20 (3.99)	1.94	0.085	0.87	0.035	0.85	0.077
SRM (% correct)	73.75 (9.56)	77.08 (9.41)	1.69	0.12	0.69	76.50 (12.48)	73.00 (16.36)	0.78	0.45	0.35	2.20	0.15	0.61
SRM response latency (ms)	2,588 (833.3)	2,089 (728.3)	1.63	0.13	0.67	2,805 (1,160)	2,234 (1,397)	1.29	0.23	0.58	0.019	0.89	0.071
IED (errors)	23.58 (19.50)^a	12.92 (3.92)^a	1.75	0.108	0.66	19.70 (15.24)	21.20 (21.35)	0.335	0.745	0.15	2.41	0.136	0.68

Notes:

Data are expressed as mean with SD in parentheses. Significant p-values (< 0.05) are in bold.

All p-values are Bonferroni corrected.

SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; VO₂max, maximal oxygen consumption; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CTHB, cathepsin B; CANTAB, Cambridge automated test automated battery; DMS, delayed matching to sample; PAL, paired associate learning; SRM, spatial recognition memory; IED, intra–extra dimensional set shift.

One missing value.