There was a mistake in the values in Table 4 in the parameters total % fat, android fat mass, gynoid fat mass, aLM, android lean mass, and gynoid lean mass. The correct version of Table 4 appears below. The authors apologize for the mistake. This error does not change the scientific conclusions of the article.
Table 4.
Anthropometry and body composition in women.
| 40–44 (n = 28) | 45–49 (n = 32) | 50–54 (n = 30) | 55–59 (n = 31) | 60–64 (n = 31) | 65–69 (n = 33) | 70–74 (n = 30) | 75+ (n = 34) | β-coefficient (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 58.1 ± 11.5 | 60.8 ± 11.4 | 57.1 ± 10.8 | 53.8 ± 9.6 | 53.4 ± 7.2 | 53.5 ± 9.6 | 52.2 ± 9.9 | 49.3 ± 8.5 | −0.26 (−0.35, −0.16) | <0.0001 |
| Height (cm) | 159.3 ± 5.1 | 159.8 ± 6.1 | 158.6 ± 6.2 | 158.1 ± 5.8 | 157.6 ± 4.9 | 160.1 ± 5.7 | 154.8 ± 5.7 | 154.0 ± 5.7 | −0.14 (−0.20, −0.09) | <0.0001 |
| Sitting height (cm) | 81.7 ± 2.8 | 81.2 ± 3.5 | 80.4 ± 2.9 | 79.1 ± 3.8 | 79.5 ± 3.1 | 80.2 ± 3.5 | 77.8 ± 3.3 | 76.5 ± 3.3 | −0.13 (−0.16, −0.09) | <0.0001 |
| Sit:Stand height ratio | 0.51 ± 0.02 | 0.51 ± 0.01 | 0.51 ± 0.02 | 0.50 ± 0.02 | 0.50 ± 0.01 | 0.50 ± 0.02 | 0.50 ± 0.02 | 0.50 ± 0.01 | −0.0004 (−0.0005, −0.0002) | <0.0001 |
| BMI | 22.9 ± 4.4 | 23.9 ± 4.4 | 22.7 ± 4.3 | 21.4 ± 3.1 | 21.4 ± 2.3 | 20.8 ± 3.2 | 21.7 ± 3.7 | 20.7 ± 2.8 | −0.07 (−0.10, −0.03) | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 70.7 ± 10.1 | 75.7 ± 9.7 | 72.0 ± 8.6 | 70.6 ± 6.6 | 71.4 ± 6.3(n=29) | 71.0 ± 7.1(n=29) | 73.3 ± 8.5(n=23) | 68.4 ± 5.4(n=19) | −0.06 (−0.14, 0.03) | 0.203 |
| Total body fat mass (kg) | 18.4 ± 8.7(n=27) | 20.7 ± 9.3 | 18.3 ± 8.3 | 16.3 ± 6.7(n=30) | 16.0 ± 4.8 | 16.1 ± 6.8 | 16.4 ± 6.7(n=29) | 14.1 ± 5.5(n=30) | −0.12 (−0.20, −0.05) | 0.001 |
| Total % fat | 30.3 ± 8.1(n=27) | 32.5 ± 10.0 | 30.8 ± 8.7 | 29.3 ± 8.2(n=30) | 29.6 ± 6.0 | 29.0 ± 7.6 | 30.4 ± 7.9(n=29) | 27.9 ± 7.1(n=30) | −0.07 (−0.15, 0.01) | 0.09 |
| Android fat mass (kg) | 1.1 ± 0.9(n=27) | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.5(n=30) | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.6(n=29) | 0.8 ± 0.5(n=31) | −0.008 (−0.01, −0.001) | 0.02 |
| Gynoid fat mass (kg) | 4.1 ± 1.5(n=27) | 4.3 ± 1.6 | 3.9 ± 1.3 | 3.4 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 3.4 ± 1.2 | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 2.9 ± 1.0(n=33) | −0.03 (−0.04, −0.02) | <0.0001 |
| FMI (kg/m2) | 7.2 ± 3.4(n=27) | 8.1 ± 3.7 | 7.3 ± 3.4 | 6.5 ± 2.6(n=30) | 6.4 ± 1.8 | 6.2 ± 2.5 | 6.9 ± 2.7(n=29) | 6.0 ± 2.2(n=30) | −0.04 (−0.07, −0.01) | 0.009 |
| Total body lean mass (kg) | 36.7 ± 4.1(n=27) | 37.0 ± 4.4 | 35.7 ± 4.0 | 35.0 ± 4.5(n=30) | 34.7 ± 3.6 | 34.7 ± 3.4 | 33.4 ± 4.7(n=29) | 32.5 ± 4.3(n=30) | −0.11 (−0.16, −0.07) | <0.0001 |
| aLM (kg) | 16.9 ± 2.3(n=27) | 16.9 ± 2.2 | 16.1 ± 2.3 | 15.6 ± 2.3 | 15.4 ± 2.1 | 15.3 ± 2.0 | 14.7 ± 2.4 | 14.1 ± 2.2 | −0.07 (−0.10, −0.05) | <0.0001 |
| Android lean mass (kg) | 2.3 ± 0.3(n=27) | 2.4 ± 0.4 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.3(n=30) | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.4(n=29) | 2.2 ± 0.3(n=31) | −0.006 (−0.009, −0.003) | 0.001 |
| Gynoid lean mass (kg) | 5.2 ± 0.9(n=27) | 5.2 ± 0.7 | 5.0 ± 0.6 | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 4.8 ± 0.7 | 4.8 ± 0.7 | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 4.4 ± 0.6(n=33) | −0.02 (−0.03, −0.01) | <0.0001 |
| aLMI (kg/m2) | 6.6 ± 0.8(n=27) | 6.6 ± 0.8 | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 6.2 ± 0.6 | 6.2 ± 0.7 | 5.9 ± 0.6 | 6.1 ± 0.8 | 5.9 ± 0.7 | −0.02 (−0.03, −0.01) | <0.0001 |
Values are mean ± SD.
β-coefficients are calculated with age as a continuous variable.
Superscript values indicate the group numbers.
Bold indicates significance.
BMI, body mass index; FMI, fat mass index, calculated as whole body fat mass divided by height squared; aLM, appendicular lean mass; aLMI, appendicular lean mass index, calculated as appendicular lean mass divided by height squared.
The nutritional intake data in Table 2 was incorrectly labeled. The correct version of Table 2 appears below. We have also edited the interpretation of the data in the Results section from:
Table 2.
Nutritional intake of men and women.
| Men (n = 225)a | Women (n = 242)a | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium (mg/day) | 378.0 ± 176.0 | 295.9 ± 175.9 | <0.0001 |
| Phosphorus (mg/day) | 836.4 ± 275.4 | 620.2 ± 243.4 | <0.0001 |
| Iron (mg/day) | 37.2 ± 25.8 | 25.0 ± 16.5 | <0.0001 |
| Zinc (mg/day) | 9.3 ± 3.0 | 7.0 ± 2.8 | <0.0001 |
| Dietary fibres (mg/day) | 44.4 ± 14.2 | 33.9 ± 12.4 | <0.0001 |
| Phytate (g/day) | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | <0.0001 |
| Potassium (mg/day) | 2,409.0 ± 868.9 | 1,800.1 ± 705.4 | <0.0001 |
| Magnesium (mg/day) | 527.3 ± 192.9 | 388.4 ± 150.4 | <0.0001 |
Values are mean ± SD.
Bold indicates significance.
Dietary intakes were estimated from 2-day weighed diet diaries, and intakes calculated from Gambian food tables.
a21 participants did not have dietary information available.
Overall, women had higher intakes of all micronutrients. Some notable sex differences include a 21% greater daily habitual calcium intake in women than in men (Table 2). The greatest sex difference was seen in daily habitual iron intake, where women had a 33% greater daily iron intake compared to men. Across the age bands, daily habitual calcium intake [mean (SD)] was 295.9 (175.9) mg/day in men and 378.0 (176.0) mg/day in women (Table 2).
To:
Overall, men had higher intakes of all micronutrients. Some notable sex differences include a 21% greater daily habitual calcium intake in men than in women (Table 2). The greatest sex difference was seen in daily habitual iron intake, where men had a 33% greater daily iron intake compared to women. Across the age bands, daily habitual calcium intake [mean (SD)] was 378.0 (176.0) mg/day in men and 295.9 (175.9) mg/day in women (Table 2).
This error does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.
The original article has been updated.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.