Skip to main content
Japanese Journal of Cancer Research : Gann logoLink to Japanese Journal of Cancer Research : Gann
. 1994 Dec;85(12):1298–1303. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1994.tb02943.x

An in vivo Study of Hepatic and Splenic Interleukin‐lβ mRNA Expression Following Oral PSK or LEM Administration

Hideo Morinaga 1, Kenji Tazawa 1, Hiromi Tagoh 2, Atsushi Muraguchi 2, Masao Fujimaki 1
PMCID: PMC5919391  PMID: 7852192

Abstract

The effects of orally administered biological response modifiers (BRMs) in preventing postoperative micro liver metastasis of primary colorectal cancer were examined in experimental animals. The twoBRMs tested were Krestin (PSK) and Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM). In previous experiments, we found that oral administration of PSK or LEM suppressed liver metastasis and prolonged the survival period. We also found that these agents elevated the liver natural killer (NK) and liver macrophage activities. In the present study in vivo, using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), we examined whether or not the liver and spleen have cytokines which would induce NK cells and macrophages, and whether or not the liver and spleen have cytokines induced by NK cells or macrophages. We placed emphasis on the examination of interleukin (IL)‐1β expression in the liver and spleen in vivo. Two to six hours after oral administration of PSK or LEM (1 g/kg) to mice, IL‐β levels in the liver and spleen rose, and they returned to their baseline levels 24 h later. These findings suggest two possibilities: (1) hepatic IL‐1β is potentiated by these agents soon after administration, resulting in activation of liver NK cells or macrophages, or (2) these agents stimulate IL‐β production by liver macrophages, and the produced IL‐lβ activates liver NK cells or liver macrophages (Kupffer cells). The results of this in vivo study suggest that the potentiation of hepatic and splenic IL‐β by PSK and LEM is involved in the early phases of suppression of micro liver metastases of colorectal cancer.

Keywords: PSK, LEM (Lentinus edodes mycelia), Liver metastasis, Isogen, IL‐1βmRNA

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (311.0 KB).

REFERENCES

  • 1. ) Ohno , R. , Yokomaku , S. , Wakayama , K. , Sugiura , S. and Yamada , K.Blastoid transformation of human lymphocytes cultured with protein‐bound polysaccharide preparation, PS‐K , in vitro. Gann , 67 , 713 – 716 ( 1976. ). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2. ) Hirase , S. , Nakai , S. , Akatsu , T. , Kobayashi , A. , Oohara , M. , Matsunaga , K. , Fujii , M. , Kodaira , S. , Fujii , T. , Furusho , T. , Ohmura , Y. , Wada , T. , Yoshikumi , C. , Ueno , S. and Ohtsuka , S.Structural studies on anti‐tumor active polysaccharides from Coriolus versicolor (Basidiomycetes). I. Fractionation with barium hydroxide . Yakugaku Zasshi , 96 , 413 – 418 ( 1976. ) ( in Japanese ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3. ) Hirase , S. , Nakai , S. , Akatsu , T. , Kobayashi , A. , Oohara , M. , Matsunaga , K. , Fujii , M. , Kodaira , S. , Fujii , T. , Furusho , T. , Ohmura , Y. , Wada , T. , Yoshikumi , C. , Ueno , S. and Ohtsuka , S.Structural studies on anti‐tumor active polysaccharides from Coriolus versicolor (Basidiomycetes). II. Structures ofβ‐D‐glucan moieties of fractionated polysaccharides . Yakugaku Zasshi , 96 , 419 – 424 ( 1976. ) ( in Japanese ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4. ) Sugano , N. , Hibino , Y. , Choji , Y. and Maeda , H.Anti carcinogenic action of water‐soluble and alcohol‐insoluble fraction from culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia . Cancer Lett. , 17 , 109 – 114 ( 1982. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5. ) Morinaga , H. , Tazawa , K. , Sakamoto , K. , Katsuyama , S. , Yamamoto , K. , Okamoto , M. , Kasagi , T. , Konishi , K. and Fujimaki , M.Inhibitive effects of OK‐432‐MCT‐Emulsion and Krestin (PSK) by oral administration of AH‐60C for liver metastasis . Biotherapy , 5 , 263 – 267 ( 1991. ) ( in Japanese ). [Google Scholar]
  • 6. ) Morinaga , H. , Tazawa , K. , Sakamoto , K. , Katsuyama , S. , Yamamoto , K. , Okamoto , M. , Kasagi , T. and Fujimaki , M.Inhibitive effects of LEM by oral administration of AH‐60C and RLcT1 1 for liver metastasis . Biotherapy , 6 , 763 – 765 ( 1992. ) ( in Japanese ). [Google Scholar]
  • 7. ) Chomczynski , P. and Sacchi , N.Single‐step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate‐phenol‐chloroform extraction . Anal. Biochem. , 162 , 156 – 159 ( 1987. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8. ) Ehlers , S. and Smith , K. A. , Differentiation of T cell lymphokine gene expression: the in vitro acquisition of T cell memory . J.Exp. Med. , 173 , 25 – 36 ( 1991. ). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9. ) Fujita , H.Behavior in a living body of PSK . In “ PSK: Krestin, Foundation and Clinical 1988, ” pp. 111 – 157 ( 1990. ). Excerpta Medica; , Tokyo ( in Japanese ). [Google Scholar]
  • 10. ) Tsuchitani , T. , Nio , Y. , Imai , S. , Shiraishi , T. , Kan , N. , Ohgaki , K. and Tobe , T.Effects of oral administration of PSK on immune responses. I. Correlation of in vivo effects with in vitro biological activities . J. Jpn. Soc. Cancer Ther. , 22 , 1195 – 1202 ( 1987. ). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11. ) Mizoguchi , Y. , Kodama , T. , Kitamura , M. , Sakagami , Y. , Kobayashi , K. , Yamazaki , S. , Toda , S. , Yamamoto , S. and Morisawa , S.Effects of cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia extract (LEM) on immunologically induced hepato‐cellular injury and antibody response in vitro . Kan Tan Sui , 15 , 127 – 135 ( 1987. )( in Japanese ). [Google Scholar]
  • 12. ) Mizoguchi , Y. , Katoh , H. , Kobayashi , K. , Yamamoto , S. and Morisawa , S.Effects of extract of cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM) on polyclonal antibody response induced by pokeweed mitogen . Jpn. Soc. Gatstroenterol , 22 , 627 – 632 ( 1987. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13. ) Gery , I. and Waksman , B. H.Potentiation of the T‐lymphocyte response to mitogens. II. The cellular source of potentiating mediator(s) . J. Exp. Med. , 136 , 143 – 155 ( 1972. ). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14. ) Oppenheim , J. J. , Douches , S. D. , Matsushima , K.There is more than one interleukin 1 . Immunol. Today , 7 , 45 – 56 ( 1986. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Japanese Journal of Cancer Research : Gann are provided here courtesy of Wiley

RESOURCES