Abstract
Tec protein‐tyrosine kinase (PTK) is the prototype of a new subfamily of non‐receptor type PTKs, and is abundantly expressed in hematopoietic tissues. We have revealed that Tec is inducibly tyrosine‐phosphorylated and activated by stimulation with a wide range of cytokines. To get more insight into the signaling mechanism through Tec, we have generated a constitutively active form of Tec PTK. Deletion of the Src homology (SH) 3 domain gave rise to a hyperphosphorylated and activated Tec kinase (TecΔSH3). The activity of TecΔSH3 was confirmed in 293 cells, as well as in cytokine‐dependent hematopoietic cells (BA/F3). TecΔSH3 should be a useful tool to study the in vivo substrates of Tec PTK.
Keywords: Protein‐tyrosine kinase, Tec, Cytokine, SH3
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (277.8 KB).
REFERENCES
- 1. ) Bolen , J. B.Nonreceptor tyrosine protein kinases . Oncogene , 8 , 2025 – 2031 ( 1993. ). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2. ) Mano , H. , Ishikawa , F. , Nishida , J. , Hirai , H. and Takaku , F.A novel protein‐tyrosine kinase, tec, is preferentially expressed in liver . Oncogene , 5 , 1781 – 1786 ( 1990. ). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3. ) Mano , H. , Mano , K. , Tang , B. , Kohler , M. , Yi , T. , Gilbert , D. J. , Jenkins , N. A. , Copeland , N. G. and Ihle , J. N.Expression of a novel form of Tec kinase in hematopoietic cells and mapping of the gene to chromosome 5 near Kit . Oncogene , 8 , 417 – 424 ( 1993. ). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4. ) Vetrie , D. , Vorechovsky , I. , Sideras , P. , Holland , J. , Davies , A. , Flinter , F. , Hammarstrom , L. , Kinnon , C. , Levinsky , R. , Bobtoe , M. , Smith , C. I. E. and Bently , D. R.The gene involved in X‐linked agammaglobulinaemia is a member of the src family of protein‐tyrosine kinases . Nature , 361 , 226 – 233 ( 1993. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5. ) Tsukada , S. , Saffran , D. C. , Rawlings , D. J. , Parolini , O. , Allen , R. C. , Klisak , I. , Sparkes , R. S. , Kubagawa , H. , Mohandas , T. , Quan , S. , Belmont , J. W. , Cooper , M. D. , Conley , M. E. and Witte , O. N.Deficient expression of a B cell cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase in human X‐linked agammaglobulinemia . Cell , 72 , 279 – 290 ( 1993. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6. ) Siliciano , J. D. , Morrow , T. A. and Desiderio , S. V.itk, a T‐cell‐speciflc tyrosine kinase gene inducible by interleukin 2 . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 89 , 11194 – 11198 ( 1992. ). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7. ) Heyeck , S. D. and Berg , L. J.Developmental regulation of a murine T‐cell‐specific tyrosine kinase gene , Tsk. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 90 , 669 – 673 ( 1993. ). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8. ) Yamada , N. , Kawakami , Y. , Kimura , H. , Fukamachi , H. , Baier , G. , Altman , A. , Kato , T. , Inagaki , Y. and Kawakami , T.Structure and expression of novel protein‐tyrosine kinases, Emb and Emt, in hematopoietic cells . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 192 , 231 – 240 ( 1993. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9. ) Haire , R. N. , Ohta , Y. , Lewis , J. E. , Fu , S. M. , Kroisel , P. and Litman , G. W.TXK, a novel human tyrosine kinase expressed in T cells shares sequence identity with Tec family kinases and maps to 4p12 . Hum. Mol. Genet. , 3 , 897 – 901 ( 1994. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10. ) Tamagnone , L. , Lahtinen , I. , Mustonen , T. , Virtaneva , K. , Francis , F. , Muscatelli , F. , Alitalo , R. , Smith , C. I. E. , Larsson , C. and Alitalo , K.BMX, a novel nonreceptor tyrosine kinase gene of the BTK/ITK/TEC/TXK family located in chromosome Xp22.2 . Oncogene , 9 , 3683 – 3688 ( 1994. ). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 11. ) Mano , H. , Yamashita , Y. , Sato , K. , Yazaki , Y. and Hirai , H.Tec protein‐tyrosine kinase is involved in IL‐3 signaling pathway . Blood , 85 , 343 – 350 ( 1995. ). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12. ) Matsuda , T. , Takahashi , M. , Fukada , T. , Mano , H. , Tsukada , S. , Hirai , H. , Witte , O. N. and Hirano , T.Association and activation of Btk‐Tec kinases by gp130, a signal transducer of the IL‐6 family of cytokines . Blood , 85 , 627 – 633 ( 1995. ). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 13. ) Tang , B. , Mano , H. , Yi , T. and Ihle , J. N.Tec kinase associates with c‐Kit and is tyrosine phosphorylated and activated following stem cell factor binding . Mol. Cell. Biol. , 14 , 8432 – 8437 ( 1994. ). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 14. ) Miyazato , A. , Yamashita , Y. , Hatake , K. , Miura , Y. , Ozawa , K. and Mano , H.Tec protein‐tyrosine kinase is involved in the signaling mechanism of G‐CSF receptor . Cell Growth Differ. , 7 , 1135 – 1139 ( 1996. ). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 15. ) Machide , M. , Mano , H. and Todokoro , K.Interleukin 3 and erythropoietin induce association of Vav with Tec kinase through Tec homology domain . Oncogene , 11 , 619 – 625 ( 1995. ). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 16. ) Yamashita , Y. , Miyazato , A. , Shimizu , R. , Komatsu , N. , Miura , Y. , Ozawa , K. and Mano , H.Tec protein‐tyrosine kinase is involved in the thrombopoietin/c‐Mpl signaling pathway . Exp. Hematol , in press ( 1996. ). [PubMed]
- 17. ) Musacchio , A. , Gibson , T. , Rice , P. , Thompson , J. and Saraste , M.The PH domain: a common piece in the structural patchwork of signalling proteins . Trends Biockem. Sci. , 18 , 343 – 348 ( 1993. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 18. ) Vihinen , M. , Nilsson , L. and Smith , C. I. E.Tec homology (TH) adjacent to the PH domain . FEBS Lett. , 350 , 263 – 265 ( 1994. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 19. ) Pawson , T. and Gish , G. D.SH2 and SH3 domains: from structure to function . Cell , 71 , 359 – 362 ( 1992. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 20. ) Hunter , T.A tail of two src's: mutatis mutandis . Cell , 49 , 1 – 4 ( 1987. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 21. ) Seidel‐Dugan , C. , Meyer , B. E. , Thomas , S. M. and Brugge , J.Effects of SH2 and SH3 deletions on the functional activities of wild‐type and transforming variants of c‐Src . Mol. Cell. Biol. , 12 , 1835 – 1845 ( 1992. ). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 22. ) Mayer , B. J. and Baltimore , D.Mutagenic analysis of the roles of SH2 and SH3 domains in regulation of the Ab1 tyrosine kinase . Mol. Cell. Biol. , 14 , 2883 – 2894 ( 1994. ). [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 23. ) Izumi , M. , Miyazawa , H. , Kamakura , T. , Yamaguchi , I. , Endo , T. and Hanaoka , F.Blasticidin S‐resistant gene (bsr): a novel selectable marker for mammalian cells . Exp. Cell Res. , 197 , 229 – 233 ( 1991. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 24. ) Baier , G. , Baier‐Bitterlich , G. , Couture , C. , Telford , D. , Giampa , L. and Altman , A.An efficient expression, purification and immunodetection system for recombinant gene products . BioTechniques , 17 , 94 – 99 ( 1994. ). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 25. ) Sambrook , J. , Fritsch , E. F. and Maniatis , T.“Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual” ( 1989. ). Cold Spring Habor Laboratory Press; , New York , NY . [Google Scholar]
- 26. ) Palacious , R. and Steinmetz , M.IL‐3 dependent mouse clones that express B‐220 surface antigen, contain Ig genes in germ‐line configuration, and generate B lymphocytes in vivo . Cell , 41 , 727 – 734 ( 1985. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]