Abstract
Pyothorax‐associated lymphoma (PAL) is a B‐cell lymphoma of mostly large cell type developing in the pleural cavity of patients with long‐standing pyothorax. Neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) is an enolase comprising γ subunit and is located at high levels in neuronal and neuroendocrine cells, together with their neoplasias. Expression of NSE at protein and mRNA levels was examined in PAL and other types (non‐PAL) of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. In PAL, serum levels of NSE were elevated (5.32 to 168.0, mean 42.6 ng/ml) and tended to decrease after incisional biopsy followed by chemotherapy (2.38 to 195.5, mean 34.1 ng/ml). Two cell lines established from two cases of PAL produced and secreted NSE in the culture medium. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the positive rate for NSE staining in PAL (10 of 14 cases, 71.4%) was significantly higher than that in non‐PAL cases (6 of 38 cases, 15.8%) (P<0.01). RT‐PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of NSE mRNA in two cell lines and a biopsy sample from PAL were rather similar to those of the control samples from non‐neoplastic lymph nodes. These findings suggest the posttranscriptional regulation of NSE in PAL. Thus, an elevation of serum NSE level in patients with chronic pyothorax may be an indicator of PAL development.
Keywords: Pyothorax‐associated lymphoma, Neuron‐specific enolase, Immunohistochemistry, Quantitative reverse transcription PCR
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (9.9 MB).
REFERENCES
- 1.Fletcher , L. , Rider , C. C. and Taylor , C. B.Enolase isoen‐zymes: III. Chromatographic and immunological characteristics of rat brain enolases . Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 452 , 245 – 252 ( 1976. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Rider , C. C. and Taylor , C. B.Enolase isoenzymes in rat tissues. Electrophoretic, chromatographic, and kinetic properties . Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 365 , 285 – 300 ( 1974. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3.Schmechel , D. , Marangos , P. J. and Brightman , M.Neuron‐specific enolase is a molecular marker for peripheral and central neuroendocrine cells . Nature , 276 , 834 – 836 ( 1978. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4.Tapia , F. J. , Polak , J. M. , Barbosa , A. J. , Bloom , S. R. , Marangos , P. J. , Dermody , C. and Pearse , A. G.Neuron‐specific enolase is produced by neuroendocrine tumors . Lancet , i , 808 – 811 ( 1981. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Ebert , W. , Ryll , R. , Muley , Th. , Hug , G. and Brings , P.Do neuron‐specific enolase levels discriminate between small‐cell lung cancer and mediastinal tumor ? Tumor Biol. , 17 , 362 – 368 ( 1996. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6.Nobels , F. R. , Kwekkeboom , D. J. , Coopmans , W. , Schoenmakers , C. H. , Lindemans , J. , De Herder , W. W. , Krenning , E. P. , Bouillon , R. and Lamberts , S. W.Chromogranin A as serum marker for neuroendocrine neoplasia: comparison with neuron‐specific enolase and the α‐subunit of glycoprotein hormones . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. , 82 , 2622 – 2628 ( 1997. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7.Aozasa , K.Pyothorax‐associated lymphoma: a distinctive type of lymphoma strongly associated with Epstein‐Barr virus . Adv. Anat. Pathol. , 4 , 58 – 63 ( 1997. ). [Google Scholar]
- 8.Iuchi , K. , Ichiyama , A. , Akashi , A. , Mizuta , T. , Lee , Y. E. , Tada , H. , Mori , T. , Sawamura , K. , Lee , Y. S. , Furuse , K. , Yamamoto , S. and Aozasa , K.Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the pleural cavity developing from long‐standing pyothorax . Cancer , 60 , 1771 – 1775 ( 1987. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9.Fukayama , M. , Ibuka , K. , Hayashi , Y. , Ooba , T. , Koike , M. and Mizutani , S.Epstein‐Barr virus in pyothorax‐associated pleural lymphoma . Am. J. Pathol. , 143 , 1044 – 1049 ( 1993. ). [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10.Sasajima , Y. , Yamabe , H. , Kobashi , Y. , Hirai , K. and Mori , S.High expression of Epstein‐Barr virus latent protein EB nuclear antigen on pyothorax‐associated lymphoma . Am. J. Pathol. , 143 , 1280 – 1285 ( 1993. ). [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 11.Harris , N. L. , Jaffe , E. S. , Stein , H. , Banks , P. M. , Chan , J. K. C. , Cleary , M. L. , Delsol , G. , Wolf‐Peeters , C. D. , Falini , B. , Gatter , K. C. , Grogan , T. M. , Isaacson , P. G. , Knowles , D. M. , Mason , D. Y. , Muller‐Hermelink , H. S. , Pileri , S. A. , Piris , M. A. , Ralfkiaer , E. and Warnke , R. A.A revised European‐American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group . Blood , 84 , 1361 – 1392 ( 1994. ). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12.Kanno , H. , Yasunaga , Y. , Naka , N. , Ohsawa , M. , Taniwaki , M. , Iuchi , K. , Torikai , K. , Shimoyama , M. and Aozasa , K.Expression of Epstein‐Barr virus latent infection genes and oncogenes in lymphoma cell lines derived from pyothorax‐associated lymphomas . Int. J. Cancer , 67 , 86 – 94 ( 1996. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 13.Fujita , K. , Haimoto , H. , Imaizumi , M. , Abe , T. and Kato , K.Evaluation of γ‐enolase as a tumor marker for lung cancer . Cancer , 60 , 362 – 369 ( 1987. ). [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 14.Haimoto , H. , Takahashi , Y. , Koshikawa , T. , Nagura , H. and Kato , K.Immunohistochemical localization of γ‐enolase in normal human tissues other than nervous and neuroendocrine tissues . Lab. Invest , 52 , 257 – 263 ( 1985. ). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]