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Illustration of the mechanism of anti-fibrotic effects of miR-378 as a paracrine signaling mediator in response to mechanical stress. MiR-378 is preferentially expressed in cardiomyocytes. Cardiac mechanical stress makes cardiomyocytes secrete more exosomes enriched with miR-378, which are transported into the cardiac fibroblasts. In cardiac fibroblasts, miR-378 regulates the p38 MAPK-Smad2/3 signaling pathway by targeting MMK6 and then inhibits fibrosis.
