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. 2018 Apr 24;9(31):21731–21743. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.24932

Figure 1. Illustration of experimental hypothesis demonstrated in 5-step model.

Figure 1

(i) establishment of a primary culture of anaplastic EPN cells (WHO grade III), from the PF of 1–10-year-old patients to the fourth cell passage; (ii) ultrastructural characterization of EPNs; (iii) evaluation of the expression levels of GFAP (tumor glial marker), CD133 (tumor neural stem cell marker), Nestin (immature neural stem cell marker), SSEA-3 (stage-specific embryonic antigen 3), CD44 (a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions), CD90 (stem/progenitor cell marker) and CXCR4 (CXC receptor 4, involved in tumor development and cells migration); (iv) in vitro labeling of a primary culture of EPN cells with multimodal iron oxide nanoparticles (MION) conjugated to Rhodamine-B (Rh-B) MION-Rh; and v) establishment of an experimental model by intracerebroventricular infusion of EPN cells and subsequent tumor monitoring by MION-Rh detection using T2- and T2*-weighted MRI at a field strength of 2T.