. 2017 Mar 31;9(1):522–554. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1313372

Table 3.

Mechanisms followed by different Anti-biofilm molecules.

S. N.	Mechanism of action	Molecules associated	Reference
1.	Inhibition of AHL-mediated quorum sensing pathway	Halogenated furanone compounds, Quercetin	^123,256
2.	Inhibition of (p)ppGpp regulated stringent response	Peptide-1018, Peptide-1038	^134,140
3.	Dispersion of Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) of biofilm	Deoxyribonuclease I and glycoside hydrolase dispersin B	²⁵⁹
4.	Cleavage of peptidoglycan	Tannic acid, Endolysins (PlyC), Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)	^146,150,159
5.	Biofilm disassembly	A cyclic autoinducing peptide (AIP), Nuclease, extracellular proteases (eg. sarA, sigB, Esp), antiamyloid molecules (AA-861, parthenolides), D- Tyrosine, Ethyl-pyruvate	^{77,160,168,172}
6.	Neutralization/disaggregation of LPS	Polymyxin (B and E), Gramicidin S, Sushi peptides, PMAP-23	^177,180,262
7.	Alteration of membrane permeabilization	Lantibiotics (nisin, gallidermin), Lytic peptides (PTP-7), Sophorolipids, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Chlorhexidine, Pentasilver hexaoxoiodate	^{179,186,191,192}
8.	Inhibition of cell division or cell survival	Pyrrhocoricin, Microcin B17	^194,198
9.	Inhibition of macromolecule synthesis and adhesion of cells	Buforin II, PR-39, Indolicidin, LL-37, Bacteriocins, Cadexomer iodine, Mannosides, Pilicides	^{39,193,201,202,204,209,221,222}
10.	Inhibition of biofilm by polysaccharides	EPS273, Psl and Pel, K2, PAM galactan, A101, PslG, Polysaccharides of algae, plants and animals	^{224,225,227,228,230,235}
11.	Inhibition of c-di-GMP signaling system	LP 3134, LP 3145, LP 4010, LP 1062, ebselen, ebselen oxide Desformylflustra bromine	^6,238,239
12.	Inhibition of curli biosynthesis	Analogs of FN075 and BibC6 of ring-fused 2-pyridones	¹⁶⁹