Abstract
BACKGROUND
Most children in British Columbia are assessed for ASD by the BC Autism Assessment Network (BCAAN). While all diagnostic clinicians in BCAAN follow the same diagnostic standards, there is no published data on the referral patterns within BCAAN.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to examine whether patients referred by different clinician types have different ASD diagnostic rates.
DESIGN/METHODS
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using data from the BCAAN database consisting of individual patient data from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2016. The analysis included all patients aged 0 to 18 years. Sequential logistic regression models were built to look at the effect of referring clinician type on ASD diagnostic outcome. The ASD diagnostic outcome was a binary outcome of whether a child was diagnosed with ASD. The main predictor variables were the referring clinician type. Other predictor variables examined as confounders included age and sex of the child, the referring health region, and the year the child was assessed. Changes in effect size, standard deviation, and Akaike information criterion were used to examine model fit.
RESULTS
Twenty patients did not have data for referring clinician type, 5 did not have diagnostic outcome data, and only 27 patients were referred by a nurse; they were not included in the analysis. The final dataset included 12,058 unique patients; they were not included in the analysis. The final dataset included 12,058 unique patients; 7271 (60%) were diagnosed with ASD. The ASD positive diagnostic rate for referrals by paediatricians (n=5704) was 61%, by family physicians (n=886) was 60%, by psychiatrists (n=483) was 51%, and by speech language pathologists (SLPs, n=198) was 68%. Using paediatricians as the reference group, the odds ratio of being diagnosed with ASD in the final model for children referred by a family physician was 1 (95% CI = 0.89–1.12); for children referred by a psychiatrist, the odds ratio was 0.87 (95% CI = 0.75–1); for children referred by an SLP, the odds ratio was 1.69 (95% CI = 1.28–2.25). These findings showed that within our study population, children referred by SLPs were more likely to be diagnosed with ASD and there was no statistically significant difference in ASD diagnostic rate for children referred by paediatricians, physicians, and psychiatrists.
CONCLUSION
Electronic clinical data is a valuable tool in examining referral and diagnostic patterns and generating data guided questions and hypotheses. Findings from this study suggest that the process of SLP referrals as well as differences between family physicians who refer to BCAAN versus the general population of family physicians should be explored as areas for reducing referral delays for children at risk of ASD.