Table 3.
Predictors in final multivariable models for trajectories of functional decline in young older males and females
| Variable | Males (n = 312) |
Females (n = 360) |
||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| intermediate vs. no/little decline |
severe vs. no/little decline |
p value LRT | intermediate vs. no/little decline |
severe vs. no/little decline |
p value LRT | |||||||||||||||
| beta1 | OR (95% CI) | beta1 | OR (95% CI) | beta1 | OR (95% CI)1 | beta | OR (95% CI) | |||||||||||||
| intercept | ||||||||||||||||||||
| inCHIANTI | −1.20 | −2.14 | −8.13 | −34.47 | ||||||||||||||||
| LASA | −0.56 | −1.09 | −9.04 | −34.00 | ||||||||||||||||
| Age (years) | - | - | 0.11 | 1.17 (1.03 – 1.32) | 0.43 | 1.83 (1.22 – 2.75) | 0.001 | |||||||||||||
| Living alone | - | - | 0.28 | 1.48 (0.80 – 2.72) | −1.11 | 0.21 (0.05 – 0.97) | 0.015 | |||||||||||||
| Economic satisfaction | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Good | - | - | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.008 | |||||||||||||
| Sufficient | - | - | 0.05 | 1.07 (0.62 – 1.87) | 1.47 | 7.78 (1.56 – 38.87) | ||||||||||||||
| Bad | - | - | 0.68 | 2.59 (0.93 – 7.18) | 2.01 | 16.65 (2.50– 110.92) | ||||||||||||||
| Unable to perform tandem stand for 10 s | - | - | 0.61 | 2.34 (1.20 – 4.58) | 0.68 | 2.58 (0.66 – 10.13) | 0.037 | |||||||||||||
| Gait speed2 (m/s) | −0.21 | 0.74 (0.57 – 0.97) | −0.63 | 0.42 (0.26 – 0.66) | 0.000 | −0.48 | 0.51 (0.38 – 0.68) | −1.24 | 0.18 (0.07 – 0.44) | 0.000 | ||||||||||
| Fear of falling | 0.36 | 1.65 (0.69 – 3.94) | 1.24 | 5.67 (1.94 – 16.57) | 0.008 | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Physical activity | ||||||||||||||||||||
| High level | - | - | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.023 | |||||||||||||
| Moderate level | - | - | 0.06 | 1.09 (0.61 – 1.94) | −0.29 | 0.67 (0.11 – 4.17) | ||||||||||||||
| Low level | - | - | 0.14 | 1.23 (0.56 – 2.70) | 1.45 | 7.60 (1.77 – 32.52) | ||||||||||||||
| ≥1 glasses alcohol/week | 0.26 | 1.43 (0.66 – 3.08) | −0.77 | 0.34 (0.13 – 0.90) | 0.029 | - | - | |||||||||||||
| BMI | ||||||||||||||||||||
| <25 | - | - | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.005 | |||||||||||||
| 25 – 29.99 | - | - | 0.45 | 1.88 (1.02 – 3.48) | 0.31 | 1.54 (0.21 – 11.18) | ||||||||||||||
| ≥30 | - | - | 0.72 | 2.74 (1.38 – 5.43) | 1.49 | 7.99 (1.40 – 45.62) | ||||||||||||||
| Cardiovascular disease | - | - | 0.21 | 1.35 (0.63 – 2.90) | 1.42 | 7.27 (1.75 – 30.21) | 0.023 | |||||||||||||
CI, confidence interval; LRT, likelihood ratio test; OR, odds ratio. The OR in multinomial regression analysis indicates the risk of the trajectory compared to the reference group (i.e., no/little decline trajectory). For example, females with sufficient economic satisfaction had a 7% higher risk (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.62 – 1.87) of being in the intermediate trajectory than females with good economic satisfaction, but they had a 8 times higher risk of being in the severe trajectory (OR 7.78, 95% CI 1.56 – 38.87) than females with good economic satisfaction.
Shrunken, shrinkage factor 0.711 for males, 0.716 for females.
OR for gait speed refer to standardized Z scores since different tests were applied in the two cohorts to assess gait speed. Z scores were calculated per cohort: Zmales inCHIANTI = (m/s − 1.570)/0.256; Zmales lasa = (m/s − 0.959)/0.257. Zfemales Inschianti = (m/s − 1.271)/0.249; Zfemales lasa = (m/s − 0.876)/0.242.