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Nonproducer relative fitness (W) when producer and nonproducing strains are grown in coculture (low relatedness). W increases in copper contaminated environments, irrespective of whether the community is present (main effect of copper only: F 1,21= 5.86, P < 0.05). This effect was independent of whether the community was present or absent (F 1,21= 1.44, P = 0.24). When W = 1, growth of nonproducer and producer is equal. Error bars represent SE.
