Table 3.
Full text articles included in systematic review and meta-analysis.
| Study | Design | Relevant Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria | Intervention or Exposure | Sample Size | Average Age of Women in each group | Length of intervention or exposure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manning 2002(32) | Randomized Controlled Trial | Type II DM included, but poor control and HbA1C > 10% excluded | Conjugated equine estrogens 0.625 mg/day and medroxyprogesterone acetate 2 mg/day (oral) vs. placebo | HT – 29 Placebo - 32 |
HT – 62 Placebo – 65 |
6 months |
| Machado 2008(30) | Randomized Controlled Trial | Age 40-60, exclude fasting glucose > 100 mg/dl | Estradiol 1 mg/day, oral vs. placebo | HT – 30 Placebo – 30 |
HT – 51.0 Placebo – 51.1 |
6 months |
| Yilmaz 2011(31) | Randomized Controlled Trial | Women after oophorectomy, DM, HTN and renal disease excluded | Estradiol 50 μg/day, transdermal OR conjugated equine estrogens 0.625 mg/day vs. placebo | HT – 30 Placebo – 28 |
Not given | 6 months |
| Szekac 2000(24) | Observational cohort | Included only women with diabetic nephropathy (250-750 mg protein/24 hours) | Estradiol 2 mg/day and norgestrel 0.5 mg/day (oral) | HT – 16 No comparator |
HT – 51.9 | 14 weeks |
| Monster 2000(9) | Observational – case-control | Included only women with microalbuminuria, age 25-75 (PREVEND, population-based cohort) | Current use of HT in last year by pharmacy records | HT – 198 No HT – 1245 |
HT – 60.4 No HT – 58.1 |
Duration of use < and > 5 years reported |
| Fencki 2003(23) | Observational cohort | Included women with DM for 2 years and women with HTN | Estradiol 0.5 mg and norethisterone acetate 0.25 mg/day (transdermal) | HT and DM – 20 HT and HTN - 21 |
HT and DM – 50.9 HT and HTN – 52.6 |
12 weeks |
| Agarwal 2005(11) | Observational – cross-sectional and prospective | Various glucose tolerances (Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study) | Current use of HT | Post-menopausal women at beginning of study – 744 | HT – 57 No HT - 58 |
Average length of HT – 8 years |
| Schopick 2009(12) | Observational cohort | Excluded DM and macroalbuminuria (>355 mg/g Cr) (Nurse's Health Study) | Current or past use of HT | Current HT = 1127 Past Use = 574 No Current HT = 499 |
Current HT – 65.6 No HT – 67.7 |
Duration of use reported up to > 15 years |
| Fung 2011(10) | Observational – cross-sectional and prospective | Excluded residents with unknown menopausal and HT status (Rancho Bernardo Study, population-based cohort) | Current or past use of HT | Post-menopausal women at beginning of study – 1044 | HT – 63.7 No HT – 68.8 |
Past users – 7.9 years and Current users – 16.5 years |
| Kaygusz 2012(41) | Observational cohort | DM and HTN excluded | Estradiol hemihydrate 1.03 mg/day and norethisterone acetate 0.5 mg/day vs. control | HT – 35 No HT – 50 |
HT – 52 No HT – 53.2 |
At least 1 year prior to study |
| Vitolo 2015(42) | Observational, cross-sectional | Normal albumin excretion 6 months prior to the study | Estrogen-containing HT | Post-menopausal women at beginning of study = 374 | HT – 54.4 No HT – 55.6 |
Within the last year |
Abbreviations – HT, hormone therapy, DM, Diabetes Mellitus, HTN, hypertension