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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropharmacology. 2018 Mar 23;135:431–443. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.019

Figure 6. Cocaine differentially regulates viral-induced antiviral and proinflammatory immune expression in astrocytes.

Figure 6

NHA were pretreated with cocaine (0.1 μM) followed by HIV-1JR-CSF (p24 10 ng/mL) or ZIKV (0.125 MOI) in parallel to control. Following 24 hr treatment, RNA was collected and assayed for IL6 (A and C), IL8 (B and D), IFNα1 (E) and IFNβ1 (F). Changes in astrocyte viability were evaluated at 24 hr post cocaine, ZIKV or cotreatments with cocaine and ZIKV by measuring MTT activity (G) and LDH release (H). Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism V6.0 with two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc analysis for multiple comparisons. p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant and data represent means +/− SEM. Representative graphs are shown from a minimum of three independent astrocyte experiments each tested and analyzed in a minimum of triplicate technical determinations. (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001)