Table 2.

Comparison of vitamin D states among patients with and without intestinal metaplasia.

Vitamin D Status	Intestinal Metaplasia (Cases)	No Intestinal Metaplasia (Controls)
Normal vitamin D level (30–100 ng/dL)	2.2% (7)	52.0% (166)
Hypovitaminosis D (<30 ng/dL)	97.8% (96)	48.0% (50)
Vitamin D insufficiency (VDi) (20–30 ng/dL)	43.8% (42)	78% (39)
Vitamin D deficiency (VDd) (<20 ng/dL)	56.3% (54)	22% (11)
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Normal vitamin D levels
versus
VDd and VDi	54.1 (21.8–134.3)	<0.001
VDd	129.0 (43.7–381.2)	<0.001
VDi	31.0 (11.9–80.3)	<0.001
VDd versus Vdi	4.0 (1.7–9.6)	<0.001

Abbreviations: VDi: vitamin D insufficiency (20–29 ng/dL); VDd: vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/dL).