Corrigendum to “Biological Effects of Medicinal Plants on Induced Periodontitis: A Systematic Review”

In the article titled “Biological Effects of Medicinal Plants on Induced Periodontitis: A Systematic Review” [1], it is stated in Table 1 that Hosadurga et al., cited as references 4 and 16 in the article, examined the anti-inflammatory action of 2% curcumin and Ocimum sanctum gel in a separate model. However, the authors of these articles informed us that they studied the gingival index, which is an indirect measure of inflammation in the gingival tissues. They also assessed the antimicrobial activity but did not publish the data, since they encountered a problem with the solubility and did not get a well-defined clear zone of inhibition. Corrected information about references [4] and [16] in Table 1 is as follows.

Table 1.

List of medicinal plants, experimental methods, and their biological effects on induced periodontitis.

Plant species	Plant material	Route of administration	Animal used (gender)	Type of induction/time of analysis		Antibacterial effect1	Bone loss/method2	Anti-inflammatory activity3	Reference
Panax notoginseng and Rehmannia radis	Mixture of extracts (9 : 1 weight)	Oral	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Injecting E. coli endotoxin (LPS)/28 days		Not evaluated	Reduced ABC/µCT	Reduced the in vitro release of TNF-α from human monocytic cells and hGF cells	Almeida et al. [2]
Ocimum sanctum	Tulsi extract	Topical	Rattus norvegicus (male and female)	Silk ligature/9 days		Not evaluated	Not reduced ABC/Stereo	Presented anti-inflammatory activity in a separate model (paw edema)	Hosadurga et al. [4]
Scutellaria baicalensis	Baicalin	Oral	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Nylon ligature/7 days		Not evaluated	Reduced ABC/histology	Not evaluated	Cai et al. [6]
Rhizoma coptidis, Hydrastis canadensis, and Cortex phellodendri	Berberine	Oral	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Silk ligature/8 days		Not evaluated	Reduced ABC/µCT	Not evaluated	Tu et al. [7]
Cucurbita pepo, Mentha piperita, Crataegus spp., Rosmarinus officinalis, Capsicum annuum, Achillea millefolium	LongoVital®	Oral	Rattus norvegicus (male and female)	Injecting A. viscosus and P. gingivalis/63 days		Not evaluated	Reduced ABC/Radio	Not evaluated	Klausen et al. [8]
Mangifera indica	Mangiferin (Sigma-Aldrich Co.)	Oral	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Cotton ligature/1, 4, 7 days		Not evaluated	Reduced ABC/histology	Inhibited COX-2 expression, the rolling, and adhesion of leukocytes in the periodontal tissue	Carvalho et al. [9]
Curcuma longa	Curcumin (Sigma-Aldrich Co.)	Gavage	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Nylon ligature/30 days		Not evaluated	Reduced ABC/histology	Reduced the expression of TNF-α in gingival tissues	Zhou et al. [10]
Magnolia officinalis	Magnolol (Sigma-Aldrich Co.)	Oral	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Silk ligature/9 days		In vitro activity against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitan	Reduced ABC/µCT	Inhibited neutrophil migration, MPO activity, and COX-2 and iNOS expression in gingival tissues	Lu et al. [11]
Rhizoma drynariae and Rehmannia glutinosa	Bu-Shen-Gu-Chi-Wan (JiuZhiTang Pharmaceutical)	Oral	Rattus norvegicus (female)	Injecting P. gingivalis and ligature/28 days		Not evaluated	Improved the mineral density of the bone/µCT	Reduced levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the periodontal tissues	Yang et al. [12]
Pinus pinaster	Pycnogenol® (Tradepia Co.)	Oral	Balb/c (male)	Injecting P. gingivalis/34 days		Antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis	Reduced ABC/Stereo	Not evaluated	Sugimoto et al. [13]
Vaccinium macrocarpon	Aqueous extract containing tannin and phenolic compounds	Oral	Mus musculus (female)	Injecting P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum/42 days		Antiadhesive properties against P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. Increased the phagocytosis of P. gingivalis	Not evaluated	Reduced in vivo levels of TNF-α	Polak et al. [15]
Curcuma longa	Curcumin	Topical	Rattus norvegicus	Silk ligature/28 days		Not evaluated	Did not reduce ABC/Stereo	Exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in a separate model (paw edema)	Hosadurga et al. [16]
Camellia sinensis	Extract containing catechin	Topical	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Injecting E. coli (LPS) and S. griseus (proteases)/56 days		Not evaluated	Did not reduce ABC/histology	Reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and levels of TNF-α in the periodontal lesion	Maruyama et al. [19]
Spatholobus suberectus	Aqueous extract	Oral	Mus musculus (male)	Injecting P. gingivalis/42 days		In vitro antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis	Reduced ABC/Stereo	Not evaluated	Toyama et al. [20]
Carapa guianensis	Andiroba oil	Oral	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Cotton ligature/50 days		Not evaluated	Did not reduce ABC/histology	Reduced the quantity of inflammatory cells in histology	Carmona et al. [21]
Protium heptaphyllum	α-Amyrin and β-amyrin	Oral	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Nylon ligature/1 day		Not evaluated	Not evaluated	Reduced gingival TNF-α levels and MPO activity	Holanda Pinto et al. [22]
Camellia sinensis	Extract containing catechin	Oral	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Nylon ligature/7, 14, 28 days		Not evaluated	Reduced ABC/histology	Reduced in vivo levels of TNF-α	Cho et al. [23]
Ipomoea alba	Mixture of dichloromethane and methanol extract	Topical	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Cotton ligature/11 days		In vitro antibacterial activity against S. mutans, S. and E. faecalis	Did not reduce ABC/Stereo	Not evaluated	Barrella et al. [24]
Lippia sidoides and Myracroduon urundeuva	Mixture of leaf essential oil and hydroalcoholic solution from bark	Topical	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Nylon ligature/11 days		Prevented the growth of oral microorganisms from gingival tissue	Reduced ABC/histology	Reduced MPO activity and inhibited TNF-α and IL-1β production in gingival tissue	Botelho et al. [25]
Lippia sidoides	Carvacrol	Topical	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Nylon ligature/11 days		Prevented the growth of oral microorganisms from gingival tissue	Reduced ABC/AFM	Reduced MPO activity in gingival tissue	Botelho et al. [26]
Hypericum perforatum	Methanolic extract	Oral	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Silk ligature/8 days	Not evaluated		Reduced ABC/Stereo	Reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular permeability, expression of NF-κB and MPO activity in gingivomucosal tissue		Paterniti et al. [27]
Cordia verbenaea	Essential oil	Topical	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Cotton ligature/11 days	Reduced in vivo frequency of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans		Reduced ABC/histology	Increment in the in vivo levels of IL-10		Pimentel et al. [28]
Camellia sinensis	Extract containing catechin	Topical	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Injecting E. coli (LPS)/10 and 20 days	Not evaluated		Reduced ABC/histology	Reduced inflammatory cell infiltration		Yoshinaga et al. [29]
Theobroma cacao	Cocoa extract containing flavonoids	Oral	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Cotton ligature/28 days	Not evaluated		Reduced ABC/histology	Reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio and neutrophil infiltration		Tomofuji et al. [30]
Mikania laevigata	Ethanol extract	Subcutaneous	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Nylon ligature/30 days	Not evaluated		Reduced the furcation region/histology	Reduced neutrophil accumulation in the gingival tissue		Benatti et al. [31]
Pimpinella anisum, Illicium verum, Anethum foeniculum	Anethole	Intraperitoneal	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Injecting E. coli (LPS)/10 days	Not evaluated		Not evaluated	Reduced serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α		Moradi et al. [32]
Curcuma spp.	Modified curcumin	Gavage	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Injecting E. coli (LPS)/14 days	Not evaluated		Reduced ABC/Stereo, and µCT	Reduced serum level of IL-1β		Elburki et al. [33]
Syringa vulgaris	Product of fermentation	Oral	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Silk ligature/8 days	Not evaluated		Reduced ABC/Stereo	Reduced NF-κB and iNOS expression, MPO activity, and other inflammatory parameters in gingivomucosal tissue		Paola et al. [34]
Ginkgo biloba	Ginkgo biloba extract	Oral	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Silk ligature/11 days	Not evaluated		Reduced ABC/histology	Not evaluated		Sezer et al. [35]
Curcuma spp.	Curcumin	Gavage	Rattus norvegicus (male)	Cotton ligature/15 days	Not evaluated		Did not reduce ABC/µCT	Reduced the inflammatory cell infiltrate to gingival tissue		Guimarães et al. [36]

¹ Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitan, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. ²ABC: alveolar bone crest, µCT: microcomputed tomography, AFM: atomic force microscopy, Stereo: stereomicroscopy, Radio: radiography. ³TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α, hGF: hepatocyte growth factor, MPO: myeloperoxidase activity, IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta, IL-10: interleukin-10, NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-β, COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2, and iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase.