Fig. 3.

Phylogeny of bats and evolution of orofacial cleft. The basic framework of chiropteran phylogeny is based on Teeling et al. [65]. Phylogenetic relationships in the superfamily Vespertilionoidea (Natalidae, Molossidae, Miniopteridae, Vespertilionidae, and Cistugidae) adapted from Lack et al. [228]. The midline cleft is possessed by nine different families of bats. In Molossidae, at least two genera (Mormopterus, and Tadarida) bear the midline cleft. In Furipteridae, only the genus Furipterus bears the midline cleft. The bilateral cleft evolved only once in the common ancestor of Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae. Character mapping was based on Orr et al. [88]