Erratum to: Webb JR, Addington J, Perkins DO, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, Heinssen RK, Seidman LJ, Tarbox SI, Tsuang M, Walker E, McGlashan TH, Woods SW. Specificity of incident diagnostic outcomes in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis. Schizophr. Bull. 2015;41:1066–1075.
An error in statistical syntax defining baseline disorder led to misidentification of baseline anxiety disorder in five cases in one of the two reported samples (PREDICT). NAPLS-1 data and previous publications of PREDICT data were not affected. The error affected rows in Table 1 labeled ‘DSM-IV anxiety’ and ‘Any mood/anx disorder’ and rows in Table 3 labeled ‘Baseline Anxiety Excluded’ and ‘Any Baseline Mood/Anxiety Excluded.’ Corrected Tables are shown below with corrected numbers in bold. Tables S1-S5 in the data supplement were also affected. Note that the online paper has also been replaced.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of NAPLS-1 and PREDICT samples.
| NAPLS-1 | PREDICT | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | CHR (n=160)1 | HSC (n=100)2 | CHR (n=111)3 | HSC (n=71)4 |
| Age | 18.1 ± 4.4c,e | 15.7 ± 2.9e,f | 19.6 ± 4.7c | 19.3 ± 4.2f |
| No. male | 92 (57.5%) | 64 (64.0%) | 60 (54.1%) | 37 (52.1%) |
| No. Caucasian | 123 (76.9%) | 68 (68.0%) | 82 (73.9%) | 53 (74.6%) |
| Parental education | 5.58 ± 1.69 | 5.89 ± 1.95 | 6.00 ± 2.48 | 5.56 ± 2.37 |
| Global functioning | 48.7 ± 11.6e,f | 54.9 ± 11.9e | 54.9 ± 12.5f | 56.2 ± 11.8 |
| CHR duration, days5 | 722 ± 1056e | na | 261 ± 298e | na |
| SOPS total | 36.6 ± 14.0e,f | 22.5 ± 12.5e | 30.2 ± 11.3d,f | 25.2 ± 13.4d |
| SOPS positive | 11.2 ± 4.2e | 4.0 ± 3.4e,g | 10.9 ± 3.1f | 6.9 ± 4.3f,g |
| SOPS negative | 11.6 ± 6.7a,e | 9.9 ± 6.5a | 8.4 ± 5.7e | 8.7 ± 6.0 |
| SOPS disorganized | 6.3 ± 3.7e,f | 3.4 ± 3.1e | 4.0 ± 2.6f | 3.9 ± 3.0 |
| SOPS general | 7.9 ± 4.3e | 5.4 ± 4.3e | 7.0 ± 4.0a | 5.7 ± 4.2a |
| Any mood/anx disorder | 122 (76.3%)e | 52 (52.0%)e | 77 (69.4%) | 43 (60.6%) |
| DSM-IV bipolar | 4 (2.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| DSM-IV nonbipolar mood | 92 (57.5%)e | 37 (37.0%)e | 54 (48.6%) | 27 (38.0%) |
| DSM-IV anxiety | 69 (43.1%) | 33 (33.0%) | 50 (45.0%) | 23 (32.4%) |
| Any psychotropic | 77 (50.0%)c | 32 (32.0%)c | 48 (43.2%)a | 20 (28.2%)a |
| Antipsychotic | 33 (21.4%)c,e | 8 (8.0%)c,a | 1 (0.9%)e | 0 (0.0%)a |
| Antidepressant | 55 (35.7%)a | 23 (23.0%)a | 39 (35.1%) | 17 (23.9%) |
| Mood stabilizer | 9 (5.8%)a | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (0.9%)a | 0 (0.0%) |
| Stimulant | 8 (5.2%) | 10 (10.0%)a | 5 (4.5%) | 1 (1.4%)a |
| Benzodiazepine | 9 (5.8%) | 2 (2.0%) | 10 (9.0%) | 4 (5.6%) |
SOPS -- Scale Of Psychosis-risk Symptoms. na -- not applicable.
a or b: groups with these letters differ p < 0.05.
c or d: groups with these letters differ p < 0.01.
e or f or g: groups with these letters differ p < 0.001.
1 varied from 137–160 across measure other than CHR duration.
2 varied from 78–100 across measure.
3 n=111 except for CHR duration.
4 varied from 70–71 across measure.
5 n= 55 for NAPLS-1 and 105 for PREDICT.
Table 3.
Within group analyses comparing emergent psychosis to other emergent disorders.
| Merged CHR Sample | Emergent Disorder | Incidence Rates | Cochran’s Q | df | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Bipolar Excluded | Psychosis | 52/267 (19.5%) | 43.7 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Bipolar | 3/267 (1.1%) | ||||
| Baseline Nonbipolar Excluded | Psychosis | 30/125 (24.0%) | 7.7 | 1 | 0.005 |
| Nonbipolar mood | 12/125 (9.6%) | ||||
| Baseline Anxiety Excluded | Psychosis | 34/152 (22.4%) | 8.3 | 1 | 0.004 |
| Anxiety | 14/152 (9.2%) | ||||
| Any Baseline Mood/Anxiety Excluded | Psychosis | 17/72 (23.6%) | 0.9 | 1 | 0.353 |
| Any Mood/Anxiety | 12/72 (16.7%)1 | ||||
| Merged HSC Sample | Emergent Disorder | Incidence Rates | Cochran’s Q | df | P value |
| Baseline Bipolar Excluded | Psychosis | 3/171 (1.8%) | 0.2 | 1 | 0.655 |
| Bipolar | 2/171 (1.2%) | ||||
| Baseline Nonbipolar Excluded | Psychosis | 3/107 (2.8%) | 3.0 | 1 | 0.083 |
| Nonbipolar mood | 9/107 (8.4%) | ||||
| Baseline Anxiety Excluded | Psychosis | 1/115 (0.9%) | 6.4 | 1 | 0.011 |
| Anxiety | 9/115 (7.8%) | ||||
| Any Baseline Mood/Anxiety Excluded | Psychosis | 1/76 (1.3%) | 12.2 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Any Mood/Anxiety | 15/76 (19.7%)2 |
CHR -- clinical high risk syndrome for psychosis, HSC -- help seeking comparison patients, Nonbipolar -- nonbipolar mood disorder, Effect CHR vs HSC -- odds ratio from logistic regression model including term for study.
1 Emergent cases do not sum to 3 + 12 + 14=29 for two reasons: 1) in one PREDICT CHR patient two emergent nonpsychotic disorders appeared at the same time point (see text), and 2) unlike in the analyses above patients are considered emergent cases only if no disorder is present at baseline.
2 Emergent cases do not sum to 2 + 9+9=20 for second reason above.
The abstract is unchanged, and overall findings and conclusions are not affected. One paragraph in the Results describing supplementary tables 1 and 2 is slightly changed (changes in bold): “Sensitivity analyses showed that the CHR vs HSC difference for incident psychosis continued to hold whether analyses included or excluded subjects with each or any baseline disorder from the model (all p’s ≤ 0.001, Table S1). Similarly, the lack of CHR vs HSC differences for incident nonpsychotic disorders also continued to hold whether models included subjects with baseline disorder (as non-cases of emergent disorder) or excluded them (all p’s ≥ 0.390, Table S2).” We regret the error.