Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and cognitive test variables.
| Demographics and Neuropsychological Tests | NC | SCD | aMCI | d-AD | F | pa | Esb | Post hocsc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 62 | 47 | 60 | 55 | |||||
| Age (years) | 63.27 (8.11) | 65.34 (8.35) | 67.27 (9.39) | 70.93 (9.80) | 7.436 | <0.001 | 0.093 | NC<aMCI<d-AD; SCD<d-AD |
| Education (years) | 10.95 (4.97) | 11.70 (4.61) | 9.75 (4.91) | 8.85 (5.55) | 3.274 | 0.022 | 0.043 | SCD>aMCI, d-AD; NC>d-AD |
| Gender (F/M) | 39/23 | 26/21 | 31/29 | 35/20 | 2.442 | 0.486 | - | - |
| AVLT-Immediate Recall Scores | 9.01 (1.87) | 8.32 (1.74) | 6.11 (1.72) | 3.67 (1.65) | 81.23 | <0.001 | 0.553 | NC>SCD>aMCI>d-AD |
| AVLT-Delayed Recall Scores | 9.76 (3.00) | 8.55 (2.72) | 3.85 (2.91) | 1.08 (1.67) | 96.56 | <0.001 | 0.595 | NC>SCD>aMCI>d-AD |
| AVLT-Recognition Scores | 11.70 (2.58) | 11.11 (2.40) | 7.71 (3.83) | 3.67 (3.33) | 55.07 | <0.001 | 0.456 | NC, SCD>aMCI>d-AD |
| MMSE | 27.78 (2.25) | 27.98 (1.72) | 24.74 (4.12) | 16.96 (6.33) | 70.56 | <0.001 | 0.518 | NC, SCD>aMCI>d-AD |
| MoCA | 25.89 (3.36) | 25.14 (2.87) | 19.71 (4.30) | 12.75 (5.12) | 117.6 | <0.001 | 0.642 | NC>SCD>aMCI>d-AD |
a Values for age and education derived from ANOVA; gender from chi-square test; all clinical/cognitive variables from ANCOVA with age, gender, and education as covariates.
b Effect size; η2 for demographic and clinical variables and partial η2 for cognitive variables.
c Least significant difference; post hoc testing on cognitive variables based on means adjusted for age, gender and education.
aMCI: amnestic mild cognitive impairment; AVLT: auditory verbal learning test; d-AD: dementia of Alzheimer's disease; MMSE: mini-mental state examination; MoCA: Montreal cognitive assessment; NC: normal control; SCD: subjective cognitive decline.