Fig. 2.

Experiment 1 task and experiment design. (a) Rule trees linking contextual items to lower-level items. Participants memorized the rule trees prior to beginning the task and were given an opportunity to review at the beginning of each block. (b) Sample context first (CF) and context last (CL) trials. The contextual item (number) indicated which of the other two items in the sequence is the target item. Each trial concluded with a response panel that consisted of two pairs of items. Participants indicated with a key press which pair contained the correct target item (denoted by a hand with a tick mark). (C) Participants were assigned to one of four experimental groups. Each group completed two blocks (‘training’ and ‘test’), whose trial structure was determined by group membership.