Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies in the meta-analysis.
| Authors (Year) | Rooibos or Poly-phenols | Dose, Route | Duration | Animal Models | Total n (T/no-T) | Age or Weight at a Baseline | Diet | Fasting or ad Lib. | Blood Sample |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ayeleso A et al., (2015) [18] | FRE | 2 g/100 mL boiling water. As drinking water | 7 w | STZ-induced DM rats (50 mg/kg i.m.) | 16 (8/8) | 176–255 g | Control | Overnight fasting | Plasma |
| Dludla PV et al., (2017) [19] | ASP (98%) | 13 or 130 mg/kg BW via daily oral gavage | 6 w | db/db mice | 12 (6/6) | 9 w | Control | 16-h fasting | Plasma |
| Himpe E et al., (2016) [20] | PPAG (99%) | 10 mg/kg BW via daily oral gavage. | 11 d | STZ-induced DM mice (200 mg/kg i.p.) | 15 (8/7) | 9–11 w, approx. 25 g | Control | Ad lib. | Whole blood |
| Johnson R et al., (2017) [21] | ASP (98%) | 13 or 130 mg/kg/day via daily oral gavage | 6 w | db/db mice | 12 (6/6) | 9 w | Control | 4-h fasting | Plasma |
| Kamakura R et al., (2015) [13] | GRE (6.62% ASP) | Add to diet at 0.3% and then 0.6%. | 5 w | KK-Ay mice | 11 (5/6) | 4 w | Control | 3-h fasting | Whole blood |
| Kawano A et al., (2009) [22] | ASP (98.5%) | Added to diet at 0.2% | 5 w | db/db mice | 10 (4/6) | 6 w | Control | 4-h fasting | Whole blood |
| Mathijs I et al., (2014) [23] | PPAG (99%) | 10 mg/kg BW via daily oral gavage | 6 w | OBIR mice | 13 (7/6) | 15 w | High fat and fructose | Fasting | Whole blood |
| Muller CJ et al., (2013) [24] | PPAG (99%) | 0.3–3 mg/kg BW via daily oral gavage | 3 w | OBIR rats | 12 (7/5) | 24 w | High fat and sucrose | 4-h fasting | Plasma |
| Sezik E et al., (2005) [25] | isoorientin | 15 or 30 mg/kg BW/d via daily oral gavage | 15 d | STZ-induced DM rats (55mg/kg i.p.) | 12 (6/6) | 200–250 g | Control | 18–20 h fasting | Whole blood |
| Son MJ et al., (2013) [26] | ASP | 0.1% dietary supplement | 5 w | ob/ob mice | 20 (11/9) | 6 w | Control | 3-h fasting | Serum |
| Song I et al., (2017) [27] | PPAG | A dose of 10 mg/kg BW via daily oral gavage | 4 d | STZ-induced DM mice (200 mg/kg i.p.) | 20 (10/10) | 9–11 w, approx. 25 g | Control | Ad lib. | Whole blood |
| Ulicna O et al., (2006) [28] | FRE | 2.5 g/1L of boiling water, 5 mL/kg BW/d via gavage | 9 w | STZ-induced DM rats (45 mg/kg i.v.) | 20 (10/10) | 290–340 g | Control | Ad lib. | Plasma |
FRE, fermented rooibos extract; BW, body weight; STZ, streptozotocin; GRE, green rooibos extract; ASP, aspalathin; PPAG, phenylpyruvic acid-2-O-glucoside; i.v., intravenous, i.m., intramuscular; i.p., intraperitoneal. T, treatment; no-T, non-treatment.