Clostridium botulinum is a strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that produces botulinum neurotoxin, a potent and deadly proteinaceous exotoxin. Clostridium botulinum strain CFSAN064329 (62A) produces an A1 serotype/subtype botulinum neurotoxin and is frequently utilized in food challenge and detection studies.
ABSTRACT
Clostridium botulinum is a strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that produces botulinum neurotoxin, a potent and deadly proteinaceous exotoxin. Clostridium botulinum strain CFSAN064329 (62A) produces an A1 serotype/subtype botulinum neurotoxin and is frequently utilized in food challenge and detection studies. We report here the closed genome sequence of Clostridium botulinum strain CFSAN064329 (62A).
GENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is the causative agent of foodborne botulism, a rare and potentially deadly paralytic disease caused by oral ingestion of preformed BoNT. Organisms that produce BoNTs are usually spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria within the genus Clostridium (1). Clostridium botulinum is widely found in soil and marine sediments, and its endospores are highly durable and can persist on or within a variety of produce, meats, and seafood (2). Upon reintroduction of appropriate substrates and anoxic conditions, C. botulinum spores can germinate, enter vegetative growth, and concurrently release BoNT(s) into a food product (3, 4). Researching the conditions necessary to eliminate spores in a diverse range of food products and inhibit spore germination is important to understanding and preventing outbreaks of foodborne botulism.
Clostridium botulinum strain CFSAN064329 (62A, ATCC 7948, NCTC 7948, H 7634) is a well-characterized C. botulinum strain and produces an A1 serotype/subtype BoNT. The strain has been utilized in over 250 published research studies, including those exploring the resistance of spores to temperature, pH, and pressure and the regulation of toxin expression and numerous other food challenge studies, such as those investigating C. botulinum in extended-shelf-life refrigerated foods (5). This strain is a long-standing laboratory strain with conflicting origins; one study mentions it as having been isolated from a liver infarct of a cow with redwater disease, while another describes it as having been isolated from virgin soil samples in 1922 (6, 7).
Clostridium botulinum strain CFSAN064329 was sequenced on a Sequel platform (Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA) on a multiplexed (3-plex) run at 482× coverage and in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. Analysis of the sequence reads was implemented using SMRT Link version 5.1. De novo assembly of the reads was performed using the PacBio HGAP.4 program, with default parameters. Overlapping regions identified at the end of the output assemblies (of chromosome and plasmids) were identified using Gepard (8). The closed assembly consists of a single chromosome of 3,920,316 bp with 28.2% GC content and a single plasmid of 10,094 bp with 26.4% GC content. The assembly was subjected to methyl motif analysis and submitted to the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline for general annotation (9).
Accession number(s).
The complete genome sequence of Clostridium botulinum strain CFSAN064329 has been deposited in DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession numbers CP028859 (chromosome) and CP028860 (plasmid).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This study was supported by funding from the Department of Homeland Security and a U.S. FDA research participation program agreement administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE).
Footnotes
Citation Wentz TG, Yao K, Schill KM, Reddy NR, Skinner GE, Morrissey TR, Wang Y, Muruvanda T, Manickam G, Pillai CA, Thirunavukkarasu N, Hoffmann M, Hammack TS, Brown EW, Allard MW, Sharma SK. 2018. Closed genome sequence of Clostridium botulinum strain CFSAN064329 (62A). Genome Announc 6:e00528-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.00528-18.
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