Table 3.
Univariate Associations With the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer
| Variable | OR (SD) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||
| Exacerbation frequency 12 mo prior to enrollment – (0-6) | 1.07 (1.03-1.10) | < .001 |
| Inhaled corticosteroid use | 1.29 (1.17-1.41) | < .001 |
| Inhaled corticosteroid with LABA | 1.11 (1.04-1.18) | .001 |
| Any inhaled corticosteroid | 1.17 (1.05-1.24) | < .001 |
| Tiotropium use | 1.17 (1.10-1.24) | < .001 |
| BMI | 0.99 (0.99-0.99) | .03 |
| Spirometry | ||
| FEV1 ppd per 10% decrease | 1.04 (1.03-1.05) | < .001 |
| FEV1/FVC per 10% decrease | 1.07 (1.05-1.08) | < .001 |
| Bronchodilator response | 1.05 (0.98-1.12) | .10 |
| Quantitative CT measurements | ||
| Emphysema: (percent HU –950) per 10% increase | 1.06 (1.03-1.09) | < .001 |
| Emphysema: (percent HU –950) > 5% | 1.11 (1.05-1.17) | < .001 |
| Emphysema: Perc15 | 0.98 (0.97-0.99) | < .001 |
| Emphysema: log (percent HU –950) | 1.10 (1.05-1.15) | < .001 |
| Emphysema: upper lobe/lower lobe ratio per 10% | 0.98 (0.89-1.08) | .80 |
| Gas trapping (percent HU –856) per 10% increase | 1.04 (1.02-1.05) | < .001 |
| Pi10 | 1.45 (1.16-1.81) | < .001 |
| Visual emphysema | ||
| Centrilobular: none-trace vs mild-advanced | 1.21 (1.14-1.286) | < .001 |
| Paraseptal: none vs mild | 0.94 (0.88-1.01) | .13 |
| Paraseptal: none vs substantial | 1.08 (1.01-1.16) | .01 |
Case and control subjects were matched for age, race, sex, smoking status, smoking pack-years, and years since quitting. HU = Hounsfield units; LABA = long-acting beta-agonist; Perc15 = 15th percentile of lung density. See Table 1 legend for expansion of other abbreviations.