Table 1.

Some drugs used for the treatment of selected neurological diseases.

Drugs	Application	Route of Administration	Side Effects
Donepezil	All stages of Alzheimer’s disease	Oral	Nausea, increased bowel movements, loss of appetite
Galantamine	Mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease	Oral	Nausea, increased bowel movements, loss of appetite
Rivastigmine	Mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease	Orally and transdermally	Dizziness, constipation, headache
Memantine	Moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease	Oral	Dizziness, constipation, headache
Donepezil and memantine	Moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease	Oral	Nausea, increased bowel movements, loss of appetite, dizziness, constipation, headache.
Beta interferon	Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis	Subcutaneous and intramuscular	Myalgia, headache, anemia, nausea
Glatiramer acetate	First clinical episode of multiple sclerosis	Subcutaneous	Nausea, vomiting, body ache
Fingolimod	Relapsing form of multiple sclerosis	Oral	Headache, diarrhea, cough
Teriflunomide	Relapsing form of multiple sclerosis	Oral	Liver problems, influenza, nausea, diarrhea
Dimethyl fumarate	Relapsing form of multiple sclerosis	Oral	Burning feeling of the skin, itching, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting
Mitoxantrone	Worsening relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis	Intravenous	Nausea, diarrhea, constipation, flu-like symptoms, cardiac toxicity and risk of leukemia
Natalizumab	Relapsing progressive form of multiple sclerosis	Intravenous	Headache, stomach pain, diarrhea, depression
Quetiapine	To treat depression associated with schizophrenia	Oral	Risk of diabetes, weight gain, constipation, dizziness
Risperidone	Schizophrenia	Oral, intramuscular	Risk of diabetes, weight gain, constipation, dizziness
Paliperidone	Schizophrenia	Oral, intramuscular	Risk of diabetes, weight gain, headache.
Aripiprazole	Schizophrenia	Oral, intramuscular	Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, sedation
Asenapine	Schizophrenia	Oral	Weight gain, risk of diabetes, sedation, akathisia
Clozapine	Suicidal behavior associated with schizophrenia	Oral	Weight gain, sweating, seizures, sedation, risk of diabetes
Felbamate	Severe and refractory epilepsies	Oral	Weight loss, insomnia, dizziness, headache, ataxia, skin rashes, hepatotoxicity
Gabapentin	Partial seizures	Oral	Dizziness, fatigue, hyperactivity and weight gain
Lamotrigine	Partial seizures	Oral, intravenous	Dizziness, headache, diplopia, ataxia, skin rash
Vigabatrin	Partial seizures	Oral	Drowsiness, insomnia, Irritability psychosis, depression, weight gain, blindness
Levetiracetam	Partial seizures	Oral	Leucopenia, fatigue, dizziness, headache, anorexia, psychiatric disturbances
Oxcarbazepine	Partial seizures	Oral	Drowsiness, diplopia, headache, GI distress, hyponatremia, skin rash, Stevens–Johnson syndrome
Phenytoin	Partial seizure	Intravenous	Diplopia, nystagmus, coarsening of facial features gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, skin rashes, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hepatotoxicity
Levodopa	It is used to treat symptoms of Parkinson’s syndrome such as slow movements and stiff, rigid body parts	Oral, intravenous	Nausea, vomiting, and irregular heart rhythms
Sinemet	Treat nausea, vomiting, and irregular heart rhythms, which are side effect associated with levodopa	Oral	Dyskinesias
Pramipexole	It mimic dopamine, thus helping to produce smooth voluntary movement	Oral	Nausea, drowsiness, sleep attacks, hypotension, and hallucinations
Selegiline hydrochloride	It increase the amount of dopamine in the brain and reduces the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease	Oral	Nausea, headache, confusion, postural hypotension, hallucinations and insomnia
Tolcapone	It increase the amount of dopamine in the brain and reduce the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease	Oral	Dyskinesias, nausea, diarrhea, sleep disturbance, urine dis-coloration and hallucinations
Biperiden hydrochloride	It reduces tremors and muscle rigidity	Oral	Blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, heat stroke, nervousness, anxiety, confusion, depression, delusions