Table 2.
Effect-coded utility coefficients (U) and Z scores (Z) for the two identified latent segments
| Attributes and attribute levels | Overall (n = 184) | Latent class segment | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Continuous medication (n = 67) |
Minimal medication (n = 117) |
P value | |||||
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| U (SE) | Z | U (SE) | Z | U (SE) | Z | ||
| Medication administration | <0.001 | ||||||
| ADHD medicine is used 5 days a week on school days only | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.17 | −0.73 (0.09) | −7.99 | 0.60 (0.08) | 7.42 | |
| ADHD medicine is used 7 days a week except in summer | −0.31 (0.05) | −6.67 | −0.66 (0.09) | −7.57 | −0.16 (0.06) | −2.82 | |
| ADHD medicine is used 7 days a week all-year round | 0.30 (0.06) | 5.43 | 1.39 (0.14) | 9.70 | −0.44 (0.08) | −5.83 | |
| Behavior therapy location | 0.012 | ||||||
| Child gets therapy in the clinic | 0.15 (0.05) | 3.43 | 0.15 (0.08) | 1.89 | 0.16 (0.06) | 2.48 | |
| Child gets therapy in school | −0.11 (0.05) | −2.51 | 0.06 (0.08) | 0.79 | −0.23 (0.07) | −3.41 | |
| Child gets therapy at home | −0.04 (0.05) | −0.91 | −0.22 (0.08) | −2.71 | 0.07 (0.07) | 1.03 | |
| School accommodation | 0.014 | ||||||
| Child’s teacher sends home progress note | −0.36 (0.05) | −7.46 | −0.32 (0.08) | −3.98 | −0.41 (0.07) | −5.86 | |
| Child gets a tutor at school | −0.10 (0.04) | −2.22 | −0.28 (0.08) | −3.63 | 0.02 (0.06) | 0.36 | |
| Child has an IEP | 0.45 (0.05) | 8.72 | 0.60 (0.10) | 6.06 | 0.38 (0.08) | 5.13 | |
| Caregiver behavior training | |||||||
| Caregiver learns behavior management on own | −0.78 (0.06) | −14.04 | −0.68 (0.09) | −7.38 | −0.89 (0.08) | −11.11 | 0.280 |
| Caregiver learns behavior management by talking one-on-one to therapist | 0.73 (0.06) | 13.22 | 0.69 (0.09) | 7.53 | 0.84 (0.08) | 10.73 | |
| Caregiver learns behavior management by going to a class | 0.05 (0.04) | 1.19 | −0.01 (0.07) | −0.12 | 0.05 (0.06) | 0.84 | |
| Provider communication | 0.094 | ||||||
| Talk with provider by text/email | −0.31 (0.04) | −6.98 | −0.20 (0.08) | −2.51 | −0.39 (0.06) | −6.28 | |
| Talk with provider by phone | −0.10 (0.04) | −2.49 | −0.07 (0.07) | −0.96 | −0.12 (0.06) | −2.04 | |
| Talk with provider face-to-face | 0.41 (0.05) | 8.87 | 0.27 (0.08) | 3.23 | 0.51 (0.07) | 7.68 | |
| Provider specialty | 0.079 | ||||||
| Pediatrician cares for child’s ADHD | −0.49 (0.05) | −9.78 | −0.28 (0.10) | −2.79 | −0.58 (0.07) | −7.80 | |
| Psychiatrist cares for child’s ADHD | 0.12 (0.04) | 2.63 | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.54 | 0.15 (0.07) | 2.28 | |
| Pediatrician and psychiatrist care for child’s ADHD | 0.37 (0.05) | 7.91 | 0.23 (0.08) | 2.84 | 0.43 (0.06) | 6.66 | |
| Monthly out-of-pocket costs, US$/month | 0.200 | ||||||
| 50 | 0.78 (0.06) | 13.62 | 0.73 (0.10) | 7.47 | 0.88 (0.08) | 10.37 | |
| 150 | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.75 | −0.04 (0.07) | −0.56 | 0.04 (0.05) | 0.80 | |
| 450 | −0.81 (0.06) | −14.18 | −0.69 (0.09) | −7.46 | −0.92 (0.09) | −10.81 | |
Effect-coded U allow for comparisons of preference for different attribute levels within the same attribute, where a higher coefficient implies a stronger preference. Bolded values indicated the most preferred attribute level within an attribute
ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, IEP individualized education program, SE standard error