Abstract
An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 12 flavonol glycosides in buckwheat, black tea, and wild parsley using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with a simple liquid extraction method using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was validated in precision, accuracy, and linearity. The UHPLC separation of target compounds was performed on a C18 column using a photodiode array (PDA) detector and the wavelength was fixed at 350 nm. The recovery values for flavonol glycosides ranged from 85.44 to 108.79%. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were less than 0.32 mg/kg and less than 0.97 mg/kg, respectively. The intraday and interday precisions were less than 13.69% for all the test samples. This method coupled with UHPLCPDA detection could be expected to provide more convenient sample preparation than conventional methods in the tested foods.
Keywords: flavonol glycoside, UHPLC, analytical method, validation
References
- 1.Wang ZM, Zhao D, Nie ZL, Zhao H, Zhou B, Gao W, Wang LS, Yang ZJ. Flavonol intake and stroke risk: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Nutrition. 2014;30:518–523. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Mouri C, Mozaffarian V, Zhang X, Laursen R. Characterization of flavonols in plants used for textile dyeing and the significance of flavonol conjugates. Dyes Pigments. 2014;100:135–141. doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.08.025. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- 3.Chirumbolo S. The role of quercetin, flavonols and flavones in modulating inflammatory cell function. Inflamm. Allergy Drug Targets. 2010;9:263–285. doi: 10.2174/187152810793358741. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4.Lee SJ, Son KH, Chang HW, Do JC, Jung KY, Kang SS, Kim HP. Antiinflammatory activity of naturally occurring flavone and flavonol glycosides. Arch. Pharm. Res. 1993;16:25–28. doi: 10.1007/BF02974123. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Verma AK, Pratap R. Chemistry of biologically important flavones. Tetrahedron. 2012;68:8523–8538. doi: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.06.097. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- 6.Murakami A, Ashida H, Terao J. Multitargeted cancer prevention by quercetin. Cancer Lett. 2008;269:315–325. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.03.046. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7.Hollman PCH, Geelen A, Kromhout D. Dietary flavonol intake may lower stroke risk in men and women. J. Nutr. 2010;140:600–604. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.116632. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8.Özçelik B, Orhan I, Toker G. Antiviral and antimicrobial assessment of some selected flavonoids. Z. Naturforsch C. 2006;61:632–638. doi: 10.1515/znc-2006-9-1003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9.Beschia M, Leonte A, Oencea I. Phenolic compounds with biological activity. Bull. Univ. Galati Faso. 1984;6:23–27. [Google Scholar]
- 10.Shim YS, Kim S, Seo D, Ito M, Nakagawa H, Park HJ, Ha J. Rapid method for the simultaneous determination of flavonol aglycones in food using u-HPLC coupled with heating block acidic hydrolysis. J. AOAC Int. 2013;96:1059–1064. doi: 10.5740/jaoacint.12-439. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 11.Liu XG, Yang H, Cheng XL, Liu L, Qin Y, Wang Q, Qi LW, Li P. Direct analysis of 18 flavonol glycosides, aglycones and terpene tilactones in Gingko biloba tablets by matrix solid phase dispersion coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. 2014;97:123–128. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.04.027. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12.Liu P, Kallio H, Yang B. Flavonol glycosides and other phenolic compounds in buds and leaves of different varieties of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) and changes during growing season. Food Chem. 2014;160:180–189. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.056. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 13.Zhang H, Yang H, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wang J, Yau L, Jiang Z, Hu P. Identification of flavonol and triterpene glycosides in Luo-Han-Guo extract using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time of-flight mass spectrometry. J. Food Compos. Anal. 2012;25:142–148. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2011.09.004. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- 14.Vrhovsek U, Mauero D, Palmieri P, Mattivi F. Identification and quantification of flavonol glycosides in cultivated blueberry cultivars. J. Food Compos. Anal. 2012;25:9–16. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2011.04.015. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- 15.Thabti I, Elfalleh W, Hannachi H, Ferchichi A, Campos MDG. Identification and quantification of phenolic acids and flavonol glycosides in Tunisian Morus species by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS. J. Funct. Foods. 2012;4:367–374. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.01.006. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- 16.Vallabhaneni P, Ray WK, Winkel BSJ, Helm RF. Characterization of flavonol glycosides in individual Arabidopsis root tips by flow injection electrospray mass spectrometry. Phytochemistry. 2012;73:114–118. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.09.013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 17.Tantry MA, Akbar S, Dar JA, Irtiza S, Galal A, Khuroo MA, Ghazanfar K. Acylated flavonol glycoside from Platanus orientalis. Fitoterapia. 2012;83:281–285. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.11.004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 18.Gossan DPA, Magid AA, Yao-Kouassi PA, Coffy AA, Harakat D, Voutquenne-Nazabadioko L. New acylated flavonol glycosides from the aerial parts of Gouania longipetala. Phytochem. Lett. 2015;11:306–310. doi: 10.1016/j.phytol.2015.01.019. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- 19.Chen C, Xu XM, Chen Y, Yu MY, Wen FY, Zhang H. Identification, quantification and antioxidant activity of acylated flavonol glycosides from sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis). Food Chem. 2013;141:1573–1579. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.092. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 20.ICH. Guidance for Industry, Q2B Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology. 1996. pp. 71–76. [Google Scholar]
- 21.Ahn H, Kim J, Jeung EB, Lee GS. Dimethyl sulfoxide inhibits NLRP3 inflammaxome activation. Immunobiology. 2014;219:315–322. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.11.003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 22.Shim YS, Kim S, Seo D, Park HJ, Ha J. Rapid method for determination of anthocyanin glycosides and free delphinidin in grapes using u-HPLC. J. Chromtogr. Sci. 2014;52:629–635. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt091. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 23.Shim YS, Yoon WJ, Hwang JB, Park HJ, Seo D, Ha J. Rapid method for the determination of 14 isoflavones in food using UHPLC coupled to photodiode array detection. Food Chem. 2015;187:391–397. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.077. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 24.Hollebeeck S, Raas T, Piront N, Schneider YJ, Toussaint O, Larondelle Y, During A. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMS) attenuates the inflammatory response in the in vitro intestinal Caco-2 cell model. Toxicol. Lett. 2011;206:268–275. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.08.010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 25.Maeng YS, Park HK, Kwon TB. Analysis of rutin contents in buckwheat and buckwheat foods. Korean J. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 1990;22:732–737. [Google Scholar]
- 26.US Department of HealthHuman Services DHHS. Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM): Guidance for Industry, Bioanalytical Method. Washington, DC, USA: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Food and Drug Administration, US department of Health and Human Services; 2001. [Google Scholar]
