Figure 6.

High cyclin D1 expression accompanied with low autophagic activity was observed in murine models, and increase of autophagic activity suppressed liver tumor formation in an orthotopic rat model. (A) Representative images show liver without tumor from 6‐month‐old transgenic mice (6 M), liver with tumor from 16‐month‐old transgenic mice (16 M; upper panel), and normal liver and liver with tumor of 4‐week‐old rats from day 7 postinoculation (lower panel). Arrows point to the tumors. Scale bar = 1 cm. (B,C) Representative IHC images showed the protein expression levels in liver tissues. Scale bar=20 μm. The protein expression was quantified by ROI followed by HistoQuest analysis. (D) Rat hepatoma N1‐S1 cells were orthotopically inoculated into rat livers. The representative image shows the liver and the arrows point to the tumors. Scale bar = 1 cm. Tumor formation was quantified by measuring the tumor weight. (E) Representative confocal images show cyclin D1 and LC3 protein in tumor tissues. Scale bar = 10 μm. (F) Representative IHC images show the protein expression levels in N1‐S1 hepatoma cell–induced tumor tissues. Scale bar = 20 μm. Quantification of protein expression was determined by HistoQuest software analysis. (C‐F) Data represent means ± SEM (n = 5). Abbreviation: ROI, region of interest.