Table 1.

Impact of dietary cholesterol in rat models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Study/Animal Model	Diet	Age	Stage Disease	Mechanism
Cote el al., 2013 [19] Sprague–Dawley rats	40% fat and 1.25% cholesterol	8-week-old female	Fatty liver disease	Hepatic accumulation triglycerides and cholesterol Decreased FXRs Lower expression of HMG-CoA-r, FDFT1, and ABCG8
Ichimura et al., 2015 [20] Sprague–Dawley rats	Fat alone or in combination with 1.25% or 2.5% cholesterol	9-week-old male	Hepatic steatosis	Diminished CPT activity and ABCG5
Moriya et al., 2012 [21] SHRSP5/Dmcr rats	High-fat diet	10-week-old male	Hepatic fibrotic and inflammatory status of NASH	Altered TNFα proinflammatory cytokine and NFkB pathways
Yeti et al., 2013 [22] SHRSP5/Dmcr rats	Fat and cholesterol High-fat high-cholesterol diet	Male SHRSP5/Dmcr rats at 10 weeks old	Phenotype similar to NASH in humans Inflammatory fibrotic liver disease Hepatocyte necrosis	Downregulation of caspase activity
Horai et al., 2016 [23] SHRSP5/Dmcr rats	High cholesterol	6-week-old male rats	Hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis	Eosinophilic inclusion bodies and mega-mitochondria

HMG-CoA-r: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase; FXR: farnesoid X receptor; FDFT1: farnesyldiphosphate farnesyl-transferase 1; ABCG8: adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter G8; NFkB: nuclear factor kappa B; CPT: carnitine palmitoyltransferase.