TAXONOMY OF THE ORDER MONONEGAVIRALES: UPDATE 2018

Gaya K Amarasinghe; Nidia G Aréchiga Ceballos; Ashley C Banyard; Christopher F Basler; Sina Bavari; Andrew J Bennett; Kim R Blasdell; Thomas Briese; Alexander Bukreyev; Yíngyún Caì (蔡莹芸); Charles H Calisher; Cristine Campos Lawson; Kartik Chandran; Colin A Chapman; Charles Y Chiu; Kang-Seuk Choi (최강석); Peter L Collins; Ralf G Dietzgen; Valerian V Dolja; Olga Dolnik; Leslie L Domier; Ralf Dürrwald; John M Dye; Andrew J Easton; Hideki Ebihara (海老原秀喜); Juan E Echevarría; Anthony R Fooks; Pierre B H Formenty; Ron A M Fouchier; Conrad M Freuling; Elodie Ghedin; Tony L Goldberg; Roger Hewson; Masayuki Horie (堀江真行); Timothy H Hyndman; Dàohóng Jiāng (姜道宏); Robert Kityo; Gary P Kobinger; Hideki Kondō (近藤秀樹); Eugene V Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Gael Kurath; Robert A Lamb; Benhur Lee; Eric M Leroy; Piet Maes; Andrea Maisner; Denise A Marston; Sunil Kumar Mor; Thomas Müller; Elke Mühlberger; Víctor Manuel Neira Ramírez; Sergey V Netesov (Нетёсов Сергей Викторович); Terry Fei Fan Ng; Norbert Nowotny; Gustavo Palacios; Jean L Patterson; Janusz T Pawęska; Susan L Payne; Karla Prieto; Bertus K Rima; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Martin Schwemmle; Stuart Siddell; Sophie J Smither; Qisheng Song; Timothy Song; Mark D Stenglein; David M Stone; Ayato Takada (高田礼人); Robert B Tesh; Luciano Matsumiya Thomazelli; Keizō Tomonaga (朝長啓造); Noël Tordo; Jonathan S Towner; Nikos Vasilakis; Sonia Vázquez-Morón; Claudio Verdugo; Viktor E Volchkov; Victoria Wahl; Peter J Walker; David Wang; Lin-Fa Wang (王林发); James F X Wellehan; Michael R Wiley; Anna E Whitfield; Yuri I Wolf; Gōngyín Yè (叶恭银); Yǒng-Zhèn Zhāng (张永振); Jens H Kuhn

doi:10.1007/s00705-018-3814-x

. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Arch Virol. 2018 Apr 11;163(8):2283–2294. doi: 10.1007/s00705-018-3814-x

TAXONOMY OF THE ORDER MONONEGAVIRALES: UPDATE 2018

Gaya K Amarasinghe ^1,^#, Nidia G Aréchiga Ceballos ², Ashley C Banyard ³, Christopher F Basler ^4,^#, Sina Bavari ^5,^#, Andrew J Bennett ⁶, Kim R Blasdell ^7,^&, Thomas Briese ^8,^$, Alexander Bukreyev ^9,^#, Yíngyún Caì (蔡莹芸) ¹⁰, Charles H Calisher ^11,^&, Cristine Campos Lawson ¹⁰, Kartik Chandran ^12,^#, Colin A Chapman ^13,^14,¹⁵, Charles Y Chiu ¹⁶, Kang-Seuk Choi (최강석) ¹⁷, Peter L Collins ^18,^ˆ, Ralf G Dietzgen ^19,^⁑,^‡,^&, Valerian V Dolja ²⁰, Olga Dolnik ^21,^#, Leslie L Domier ^22,^‡, Ralf Dürrwald ^23,^$, John M Dye ^5,^#, Andrew J Easton ^24,^⁑,^ˆ, Hideki Ebihara (海老原秀喜) ^25,^#, Juan E Echevarría ²⁶, Anthony R Fooks ³, Pierre B H Formenty ^27,^#, Ron A M Fouchier ^28,^ˆ, Conrad M Freuling ²⁹, Elodie Ghedin ^30,^‡, Tony L Goldberg ⁶, Roger Hewson ^31,^#, Masayuki Horie (堀江真行) ^32,^$, Timothy H Hyndman ³³, Dàohóng Jiāng (姜道宏) ^34,^‡, Robert Kityo ³⁵, Gary P Kobinger ^36,^#, Hideki Kondō (近藤秀樹) ^37,^&, Eugene V Koonin ³⁸, Mart Krupovic ³⁹, Gael Kurath ^40,^⁑,^ˆ,^&, Robert A Lamb ^41,^42,^ˆ, Benhur Lee ^43,^ˆ, Eric M Leroy ^44,^#, Piet Maes ⁴⁵, Andrea Maisner ^21,^ˆ, Denise A Marston ³, Sunil Kumar Mor ⁴⁶, Thomas Müller ²⁹, Elke Mühlberger ^47,^#, Víctor Manuel Neira Ramírez ⁴⁸, Sergey V Netesov (Нетёсов Сергей Викторович) ^49,^#, Terry Fei Fan Ng ⁵⁰, Norbert Nowotny ^51,^52,^$,^⁑, Gustavo Palacios ⁵, Jean L Patterson ^53,^#, Janusz T Pawęska ^54,^#, Susan L Payne ^55,^$, Karla Prieto ⁵, Bertus K Rima ^56,^⁑,^ˆ, Paul Rota ^57,^ˆ, Dennis Rubbenstroth ^58,^$,^⁑, Martin Schwemmle ^58,^$, Stuart Siddell ^59,^$, Sophie J Smither ^60,^#, Qisheng Song ⁶¹, Timothy Song ⁶², Mark D Stenglein ⁶³, David M Stone ^64,^&, Ayato Takada (高田礼人) ^65,^#, Robert B Tesh ^9,^&, Luciano Matsumiya Thomazelli ⁶⁶, Keizō Tomonaga (朝長啓造) ^67,^$, Noël Tordo ^68,^&, Jonathan S Towner ^69,^#, Nikos Vasilakis ^9,^⁑,^‡,^&, Sonia Vázquez-Morón ²⁶, Claudio Verdugo ⁷⁰, Viktor E Volchkov ^71,^#, Victoria Wahl ^72,^#, Peter J Walker ^73,^⁑,^&, David Wang ^74,^‡, Lin-Fa Wang (王林发) ^75,^ˆ, James F X Wellehan ⁷⁶, Michael R Wiley ^9,⁷⁷, Anna E Whitfield ^78,^&, Yuri I Wolf ³⁸, Gōngyín Yè (叶恭银) ⁷⁹, Yǒng-Zhèn Zhāng (张永振) ⁸⁰, Jens H Kuhn ^10,^$,^#,^*,^⁑,^‡

¹Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

²Laboratorio de Rabia, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencias Epidemiológicos, Mexico City, Mexico

³Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, UK

⁴Center for Microbial Pathogenesis; Institute for Biomedical Sciences; Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA

⁵United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA

⁶Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

⁷CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia

⁸Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

⁹The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA

¹⁰Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA

¹¹Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

¹²Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA

¹³Department of Anthropology and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada

¹⁴Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA

¹⁵Section of Social Systems Evolution, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

¹⁶University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

¹⁷Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea

¹⁸Respiratory Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

¹⁹Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

²⁰Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA

²¹Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany

²²Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Illinois, USA

²³Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany

²⁴School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

²⁵Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

²⁶National Center of Microbiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain

²⁷World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

²⁸Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

²⁹Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

³⁰Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, USA

³¹Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, Salisbury, UK

³²Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

³³College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia

³⁴State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Húběi Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huázhōng Agricultural University, Wǔhàn, China

³⁵Department of Zoology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

³⁶Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada

³⁷Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan

³⁸National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

³⁹Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

⁴⁰US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA

⁴¹Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

⁴²Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

⁴³Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

⁴⁴Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Franceville, Gabon

⁴⁵KU Leuven, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium

⁴⁶Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA

⁴⁷Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

⁴⁸Universidad de Chile Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Santiago, Chile

⁴⁹Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia

⁵⁰Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA

⁵¹Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria

⁵²Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

⁵³Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA

⁵⁴Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

⁵⁵Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

⁵⁶Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK

⁵⁷National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

⁵⁸Institute for Virology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

⁵⁹School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

⁶⁰CBR Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK

⁶¹Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

⁶²Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA

⁶³Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

⁶⁴Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK

⁶⁵Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

⁶⁶Institute of Biomedical Science, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil

⁶⁷Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

⁶⁸Institut Pasteur, Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, WHO Collaborative Centre for Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses, OIE Reference Laboratory for RVFV & CCHFV, Paris, France & Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea

⁶⁹Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

⁷⁰Universidad Austral de Chile Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Valdivia, Chile

⁷¹Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity, CIRI, INSERM U1111 - CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France

⁷²National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA

⁷³School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

⁷⁴Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

⁷⁵Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore

⁷⁶College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

⁷⁷University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA

⁷⁸Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh North Carolina, USA

⁷⁹State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

⁸⁰State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China

Corresponding author: JHK: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Phone: +1-301-631-7245; Fax: +1-301-631-7389; kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov

The members of the 2014–2017 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Bornaviridae Study Group;

the members of the 2014–2017 ICTV Filoviridae Study Group;

^⁑

the members of the 2014–2017 ICTV Mononegavirales Study Group;

^‡

the members of the 2014–2017 ICTV Nyamiviridae Study Group;

^ˆ

the members of the 2014–2017 ICTV Paramyxoviridae Study Group;

the members of the 2014–2017 ICTV Rhabdoviridae Study Group;

the 2014–2017 ICTV Chair of the Animal dsRNA and ssRNA- Viruses Subcommittee.

PMCID: PMC6076851 NIHMSID: NIHMS958858 PMID: 29637429

Abstract

In 2018, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by inclusion of 1 new genus and 12 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and summarizes additional taxonomic proposals that may affect the order in the near future.

Keywords: Anphevirus, Arlivirus, Bornaviridae, bornavirus, Chengtivirus, Crustavirus, Filoviridae, filovirus, ICTV, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, mononegavirad, Mononegavirales, mononegavirus, Mymonaviridae, mymonavirid, mymonavirus, Nyamiviridae, nyamivirid, nyamivirus, Paramyxoviridae, paramyxovirid, paramyxovirus, Pneumoviridae, pneumovirid, pneumovirus, Rhabdoviridae, rhabdovirid, rhabdovirus, Sunviridae, sunvirid, sunvirus, virus classification, virus nomenclature, virus taxonomy

INTRODUCTION

The virus order Mononegavirales was established in 1991 to accommodate related viruses with nonsegmented, linear, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genomes distributed among three families [19, 20 ]. Today, the order includes 8 families [1, 2, 11, 21 ]. Amended/emended order descriptions were published in 1995 [5 ], 1997 [22 ], 2000 [23 ], 2005 [24 ], 2011 [6 ], 2016 [2 ], and 2017 [3]. In 2017, the Study Groups of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) responsible for the taxonomy of the order and its 8 families assigned unclassified mononegaviruses to existing or novel taxa and continued efforts to streamline the order nomenclature in collaboration with other virus experts. Here we present the changes that were proposed via official ICTV taxonomic proposals (TaxoProps) at http://www.ictvonline.org/ in 2017 and accepted by the ICTV Executive Committee (EC). These changes are part of the official ICTV taxonomy as of 2018.

TAXONOMIC CHANGES AT THE ORDER RANK

In 2018, no changes were made at the order rank.

TAXONOMIC CHANGES AT THE FAMILY RANK

Bornaviridae

The family Bornaviridae was expanded in 2018 by creation of a second genus (Carbovirus), including two novel species for the newly discovered jungle carpet python virus (JCPV) and southwest carpet python virus (SWCPV) found in carpet pythons (Pythonidae: Morelia spilota), respectively [10]. The previously established genus Bornavirus was renamed Orthobornavirus to remove the ambiguity of the terms “bornavirus”/“bornaviral” that resulted due to the creation of the second genus (in absence of the genus name change, “bornavirus”/“bornaviral” could refer either to all members of the family Bornaviridae or only to those of the genus Bornavirus). All binomial species names of the genus Bornavirus were adjusted by replacing the genus epithet “bornavirus” with “orthobornavirus” (TaxoProps 2017.005M.A.v1.Carbovirus and 2017.004M.A.v1.Bornaviridae_ren).

Filoviridae

The species name Taï Forest ebolavirus was changed to Tai Forest ebolavirus by removal of the diaeresis (TaxoProp 2017.001G.A.v2.43spren).

Mymonaviridae

In 2018, no changes were made at the family rank.

Nyamiviridae

In 2018, no changes were made at the family rank.

Paramyxoviridae

The genus Avulavirus was expanded in 2018 by the addition of six species (TaxoProp 2017.010M.A.v2.Avulavirus_6sp). The species Avian avulavirus 14–16 were established for avian paramyxoviruses 14–16 (APMV-14–16) that were recently discovered in an unspecified duck in Japan, a white-rumped sandpiper (Scolopacidae: Calidris fuscicollis) in Brazil, and unspecified birds in South Korea, respectively [12, 27, 28]. The species Avian avulavirus 17–19 were established for Antarctic penguin viruses A–C (APVA–APVC) that were recently discovered in Antarctic long-tailed gentoo penguins (Spheniscidae: Pygoscelis papua) [18 ].

Pneumoviridae

In 2018, no changes were made at the family rank.

Rhabdoviridae

The genus Ledantevirus was expanded in 2018 by one species, Kanywara ledantevirus, for Kanywara virus (KYAV) recently discovered in an unclassified nycteribiid batfly in Uganda [8 ] (TaxoProp 2017.009M.A.v1.Ledantevirus_sp).

The genus Lyssavirus was expanded by the addition of two novel species, Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus and Lleida bat lyssavirus, for Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus (GBLV) and Lleida bat virus (LLEBV), recently discovered in Indian flying foxes (Pteropus medius) in Sri Lanka and in a Schreibers's long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) in Spain in 2011, respectively [4, 9, 15 ] (TaxoProps 2017.013M.A.v1.Lyssavirus_sp and 2017.014M.A.v1.Lyssavirus_sp).

Finally, the genus Tibrovirus was expanded by one species, Beatrice Hill tibrovirus, for Beatrice Hill virus (BHV) discovered in 1984 in Australian biting midges (Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides peregrinus) [26, 29 ] (TaxoProp 2017.019M.U.v1.Tibrovirus_sp).

Sunviridae

In 2018, no changes were made at the family rank.

OUTLOOK

The taxonomy of viruses of the order Mononegavirales remains in flux and additional important changes are likely forthcoming. Indeed, in 2017, two additional taxonomic proposals that would affect the order Mononegavirales were debated during the most recent ICTV EC meeting in Singapore. TaxoProp 2017.006M.U.v2.Negarnaviricota proposes

establishment of a phylum for negative-sense RNA viruses that is subdivided into two subphyla;
establishment of a sister order to the order Mononegavirales to accommodate the recently discovered “chǔviruses” [13, 25]; and
combination of both sister orders in a class assigned to one of the subphyla.

TaxoProp 2017.016M.U.v3.Mononegavirales_rev proposes

expansion of the family Mymonaviridae by 6 species for novel soybean leaf-associated viruses and an invertebrate virus [16, 17, 25 ];
transfer of the nyamiviral genus Peropuvirus into a new family and expansion of the genus by 6 species for novel invertebrate viruses [13, 25 ];
transfer of the free-floating genus Crustavirus into the family Nyamiviridae; the expansion of Crustavirus by two species for novel invertebrate viruses; and the expansion of Nyamiviridae by an additional three genera that include a total of five species for novel invertebrate viruses [13, 25 ];
establishment of a new family that absorbs the previously free-floating genus Anphevirus and expansion of this genus by six species for novel invertebrate viruses [7, 13, 14, 25 ]; and
dissolution of the previously free-floating genera Chengivirus and Wastrivirus and transfer of their species into the genus Arlivirus, expansion of Arlivirus by three new species for novel invertebrate viruses [13, 25 ], and transfer of this genus into a new family.

These two proposals failed to find unanimous approval at a final ICTV EC vote in fall of 2017 and were deferred to the 2018 ICTV EC meeting, at which a simple majority vote would suffice for approval of the original proposals.

SUMMARY

A summary of the current, ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales is presented in Table 1.

Table 1. ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as of 2018.

Listed are all mononegaviruses that have been classified into species.

Genus	Species^¶	Virus (Abbreviation)^¶
Family Bornaviridae
Carbovirus	Queensland carbovirus^*	jungle carpet python virus (JCPV)
	Southwest carbovirus	southwest carpet python virus (SWCPV)
Orthobornavirus	Elapid 1 orthobornavirus	Loveridge’s garter snake virus 1 (LGSV-1)
	Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus^*	Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1)
		Borna disease virus 2 (BoDV-2)
	Mammalian 2 orthobornavirus	variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1)
	Passeriform 1 orthobornavirus	canary bornavirus 1 (CnBV-1)
		canary bornavirus 2 (CnBV-2)
		canary bornavirus 3 (CnBV-3)
	Passeriform 2 orthobornavirus	estrildid finch bornavirus 1 (EsBV-1)
	Psittaciform 1 orthobornavirus	parrot bornavirus 1 (PaBV-1)
		parrot bornavirus 2 (PaBV-2)
		parrot bornavirus 3 (PaBV-3)
		parrot bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4)
		parrot bornavirus 7 (PaBV-7)
	Psittaciform 2 orthobornavirus	parrot bornavirus 5 (PaBV-5)
	Waterbird 1 orthobornavirus	aquatic bird bornavirus 1 (ABBV-1)
		aquatic bird bornavirus 2 (ABBV-2)
Family Filoviridae
Cuevavirus	Lloviu cuevavirus^*	Lloviu virus (LLOV)
Ebolavirus	Bundibugyo ebolavirus	Bundibugyo virus (BDBV)
	Reston ebolavirus	Reston virus (RESTV)
	Sudan ebolavirus	Sudan virus (SUDV)
	Tai Forest ebolavirus	Taï Forest virus (TAFV)
	Zaire ebolavirus^*	Ebola virus (EBOV)
Marburgvirus	Marburg marburgvirus^*	Marburg virus (MARV)
		Ravn virus (RAVV)
Family Mymonaviridae
Sclerotimonavirus	Sclerotinia sclerotimonavirus^*	Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (SsNSRV-1)
Family Nyamiviridae
Nyavirus	Midway nyavirus	Midway virus (MIDWV)
	Nyamanini nyavirus^*	Nyamanini virus (NYMV)
	Sierra Nevada nyavirus	Sierra Nevada virus (SNVV)
Peropuvirus	Pteromalus puparum peropuvirus^*	Pteromalus puparum negative-strand RNA virus 1 (PpNSRV-1)
Socyvirus	Soybean cyst nematode socyvirus^*	soybean cyst nematode virus 1 (SbCNV-1)
Family Paramyxoviridae
Aquaparamyxovirus	Salmon aquaparamyxovirus^*	Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (AsaPV)
Avulavirus	Avian avulavirus 1^*	avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1)¹
	Avian avulavirus 2	avian paramyxovirus 2 (APMV-2)
	Avian avulavirus 3	avian paramyxovirus 3 (APMV-3)
	Avian avulavirus 4	avian paramyxovirus 4 (APMV-4)
	Avian avulavirus 5	avian paramyxovirus 5 (APMV-5)
	Avian avulavirus 6	avian paramyxovirus 6 (APMV-6)
	Avian avulavirus 7	avian paramyxovirus 7 (APMV-7)
	Avian avulavirus 8	avian paramyxovirus 8 (APMV-8)
	Avian avulavirus 9	avian paramyxovirus 9 (APMV-9)
	Avian avulavirus 10	avian paramyxovirus 10 (APMV-10)
	Avian avulavirus 11	avian paramyxovirus 11 (APMV-11)
	Avian avulavirus 12	avian paramyxovirus 12 (APMV-12)
	Avian avulavirus 13	avian paramyxovirus 13 (APMV-13)
	Avian avulavirus 14	avian paramyxovirus 14 (APMV-14)
	Avian avulavirus 15	avian paramyxovirus 15 (APMV-15)
	Avian avulavirus 16	avian paramyxovirus 16 (APMV-16)
	Avian avulavirus 17	Antarctic penguin virus A (APV-A)
	Avian avulavirus 18	Antarctic penguin virus B (APV-B)
	Avian avulavirus 19	Antarctic penguin virus C (APV-C)
Ferlavirus	Reptilian ferlavirus^*	Fer-de-Lance virus (FDLV)
Henipavirus	Cedar henipavirus	Cedar virus (CedV)
	Ghanaian bat henipavirus	Kumasi virus (KV)²
	Hendra henipavirus^*	Hendra virus (HeV)
	Mojiang henipavirus	Mòjiāng virus (MojV)
	Nipah henipavirus	Nipah virus (NiV)
Morbillivirus	Canine morbillivirus	canine distemper virus (CDV)
	Cetacean morbillivirus	cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV)
	Feline morbillivirus	feline morbillivirus (FeMV)
	Measles morbillivirus^*	measles virus (MeV)
	Small ruminant morbillivirus	peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV)
	Phocine morbillivirus	phocine distemper virus (PDV)
	Rinderpest morbillivirus	rinderpest virus (RPV)
Respirovirus	Bovine respirovirus 3	bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3)
	Human respirovirus 1	human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1)
	Human respirovirus 3	human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV-3)
	Porcine respirovirus 1	porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1)
	Murine respirovirus^*	Sendai virus (SeV)³
Rubulavirus	Achimota rubulavirus 1	Achimota virus 1 (AchPV-1)
	Achimota rubulavirus 2	Achimota virus 2 (AchPV-2)
	Bat mumps rubulavirus	bat mumps virus (BMV)⁴
	Canine rubulavirus	parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV-5)⁵
	Human rubulavirus 2	human parainfluenza virus 2 (HPIV-2)
	Human rubulavirus 4	human parainfluenza virus 4a (HPIV-4a)
		human parainfluenza virus 4b (HPIV-4b)
	Mapuera rubulavirus	Mapuera virus (MapV)
	Menangle rubulavirus	Menangle virus (MenPV)
	Mumps rubulavirus^*	mumps virus (MuV)
	Porcine rubulavirus	La Piedad Michoacán Mexico virus (LPMV)⁶
	Simian rubulavirus	simian virus 41 (SV-41)
	Sosuga rubulavirus	Sosuga virus
	Teviot rubulavirus	Teviot virus (TevPV)
	Tioman rubulavirus	Tioman virus (TioPV)
	Tuhoko rubulavirus 1	Tuhoko virus 1 (ThkPV-1)
	Tuhoko rubulavirus 2	Tuhoko virus 2 (ThkPV-2)
	Tuhoko rubulavirus 3	Tuhoko virus 3 (ThkPV-3)
Family Pneumoviridae
Metapneumovirus	Avian metapneumovirus^*	avian metapneumovirus (AMPV)⁷
	Human metapneumovirus	human metapneumovirus (HMPV)
Orthopneumovirus	Bovine orthopneumovirus	bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)
	Human orthopneumovirus^*	human respiratory syncytial virus A2 (HRSV-A2)
		human respiratory syncytial virus B1 (HRSV-B1)
	Murine orthopneumovirus	murine pneumonia virus (MPV)
Family Rhabdoviridae
Almendravirus	Arboretum almendravirus	Arboretum virus (ABTV)
	Balsa almendravirus	Balsa virus (BALV)
	Coot Bay almendravirus	Coot Bay virus (CBV)
	Puerto Almendras almendravirus^*	Puerto Almendras virus (PTAMV)
	Rio Chico almendravirus	Rio Chico virus (RCHV)
Curiovirus	Curionopolis curiovirus^*	Curionopolis virus (CURV)
	Iriri curiovirus	Iriri virus (IRIRV)
	Itacaiunas curiovirus	Itacaiunas virus (ITAV)
	Rochambeau curiovirus	Rochambeau virus (RBUV)
Cytorhabdovirus	Alfalfa dwarf cytorhabdovirus	alfalfa dwarf virus (ADV)
	Barley yellow striate mosaic cytorhabdovirus	barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV)
	Broccoli necrotic yellows cytorhabdovirus	broccoli necrotic yellows virus (BNYV)
	Colocasia bobone disease-associated cytorhabdovirus	Colocasia bobone disease-associated virus (CBDaV)
	Festuca leaf streak cytorhabdovirus	festuca leaf streak virus (FLSV)
	Lettuce necrotic yellows cytorhabdovirus^*	lettuce necrotic yellows virus (LNYV)
	Lettuce yellow mottle cytorhabdovirus	lettuce yellow mottle virus (LYMoV)
	Northern cereal mosaic cytorhabdovirus	northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV)
	Sonchus cytorhabdovirus 1	sonchus virus (SonV)
	Strawberry crinkle cytorhabdovirus	strawberry crinkle virus (SCV)
	Wheat American striate mosaic cytorhabdovirus	wheat American striate mosaic virus (WASMV)
Dichorhavirus	Coffee ringspot dichorhavirus	coffee ringspot virus (CoRSV)
	Orchid fleck dichorhavirus^*	orchid fleck virus (OFV)⁸
Ephemerovirus	Adelaide River ephemerovirus	Adelaide River virus (ARV)
	Berrimah ephemerovirus	Berrimah virus (BRMV)
	Bovine fever ephemerovirus^*	bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV)
	Kimberley ephemerovirus	Kimberley virus (KIMV)
		Malakal virus (MALV)
	Koolpinyah ephemerovirus	Koolpinyah virus (KOOLV)
	Kotonkan ephemerovirus	kotonkan virus (KOTV)
	Obodhiang ephemerovirus	Obodhiang virus (OBOV)
	Yata ephemerovirus	Yata virus (YATV)
Hapavirus	Flanders hapavirus	Flanders virus (FLAV)
	Hart Park hapavirus	Hart Park virus (HPV)
	Gray Lodge hapavirus	Gray Lodge virus (GLOV)
	Joinjakaka hapavirus	Joinjakaka virus (JOIV)
	La Joya hapavirus	La Joya virus (LJV)
	Kamese hapavirus	Kamese virus (KAMV)
	Landjia hapavirus	Landjia virus (LANV = LJAV)
	Manitoba hapavirus	Manitoba virus (MANV = MNTBV)
	Marco hapavirus	Marco virus (MCOV)
	Mosqueiro hapavirus	Mosqueiro virus (MQOV)
	Mossuril hapavirus	Mossuril virus (MOSV)
	Ngaingan hapavirus	Ngaingan virus (NGAV)
	Ord River hapavirus	Ord River virus (ORV)
	Parry Creek hapavirus	Parry Creek virus (PCV)
	Wongabel hapavirus^*	Wongabel virus (WONV)
Ledantevirus	Barur ledantevirus	Barur virus (BARV)
	Fikirini ledantevirus	Fikirini virus (FKRV)
	Fukuoka ledantevirus	Fukuoka virus (FUKV)
	Kanyawara ledantevirus	Kanyawara virus (KYAV)
	Kern Canyon ledantevirus	Kern Canyon virus (KCV)
	Keuraliba ledantevirus	Keuraliba virus (KEUV)
	Kolente ledantevirus	Kolente virus (KOLEV)
	Kumasi ledantevirus	Kumasi rhabdovirus (KRV)
	Le Dantec ledantevirus^*	Le Dantec virus (LDV)
	Mount Elgon bat ledantevirus	Mount Elgon bat virus (MEBV)
	Nkolbisson ledantevirus	Nkolbisson virus (NKOV)
	Nishimuro ledantevirus	Nishimuro virus (NISV)⁹
	Oita ledantevirus	Oita virus (OITAV)
	Wuhan ledantevirus	Wǔhàn louse fly virus 5 (WLFV-5)
	Yongjia ledantevirus	Yǒngjiā tick virus 2 (YTV-2)
Lyssavirus	Aravan lyssavirus	Aravan virus (ARAV)
	Australian bat lyssavirus	Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV)
	Bokeloh bat lyssavirus	Bokeloh bat lyssavirus (BBLV)
	Duvenhage lyssavirus	Duvenhage virus (DUVV)
	European bat 1 lyssavirus	European bat lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1)
	European bat 2 lyssavirus	European bat lyssavirus 2 (EBLV-2)
	Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus	Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus (GBLV)
	Ikoma lyssavirus	Ikoma lyssavirus (IKOV)
	Irkut lyssavirus	Irkut virus (IRKV)
	Khujand lyssavirus	Khujand virus (KHUV)
	Lagos bat lyssavirus	Lagos bat virus (LBV)
	Lleida bat lyssavirus	Lleida bat virus (LLEBV)
	Mokola lyssavirus	Mokola virus (MOKV)
	Rabies lyssavirus^*	rabies virus (RABV)
	Shimoni bat lyssavirus	Shimoni bat virus (SHIBV)
	West Caucasian bat lyssavirus	West Caucasian bat virus (WCBV)
Novirhabdovirus	Hirame novirhabdovirus	hirame rhabdovirus (HIRV)
	Piscine novirhabdovirus	viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV)¹⁰
	Salmonid novirhabdovirus^*	infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV)
	Snakehead novirhabdovirus	snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV)
Nucleorhabdovirus	Datura yellow vein nucleorhabdovirus	datura yellow vein virus (DYVV)
	Eggplant mottled dwarf nucleorhabdovirus	eggplant mottled dwarf virus (EMDV)
	Maize fine streak nucleorhabdovirus	maize fine streak virus (MSFV)
	Maize Iranian mosaic nucleorhabdovirus	maize Iranian mosaic virus (MIMV)
	Maize mosaic nucleorhabdovirus	maize mosaic virus (MMV)
	Potato yellow dwarf nucleorhabdovirus^*	potato yellow dwarf virus (PYDV)
	Rice yellow stunt nucleorhabdovirus	rice yellow stunt virus (RYSV)
		rice transitory yellowing virus (RTYV)
	Sonchus yellow net nucleorhabdovirus	sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV)
	Sowthistle yellow vein nucleorhabdovirus	sowthistle yellow vein virus (SYVV)
	Taro vein chlorosis nucleorhabdovirus	taro vein chlorosis virus (TaVCV)
Perhabdovirus	Anguillid perhabdovirus	eel virus European X (EVEX)
	Perch perhabdovirus^*	perch rhabdovirus (PRV)
	Sea trout perhabdovirus	lake trout rhabdovirus (LTRV)
Sigmavirus	Drosophila affinis sigmavirus	Drosophila affinis sigmavirus (DAffSV)
	Drosophila ananassae sigmavirus	Drosophila ananassae sigmavirus (DAnaSV)
	Drosophila immigrans sigmavirus	Drosophila immigrans sigmavirus (DImmSV)
	Drosophila melanogaster sigmavirus^*	Drosophila melanogaster sigmavirus (DMelSV)
	Drosophila obscura sigmavirus	Drosophila obscura sigmavirus (DObsSV)
	Drosophila tristis sigmavirus	Drosophila tristis sigmavirus (DTriSV)
	Muscina stabulans sigmavirus	Muscina stabulans sigmavirus (MStaSV)
Sprivivirus	Carp sprivivirus^*	spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV)
	Pike fry sprivivirus	grass carp rhabdovirus (GrCRV)
		pike fry rhabdovirus (PFRV)
		tench rhabdovirus (TenRV)
Sripuvirus	Almpiwar sripuvirus	Almpiwar virus (ALMV)
	Chaco sripuvirus	Chaco virus (CHOV)
	Niakha sripuvirus^*	Niakha virus (NIAV)
	Sena Madureira sripuvirus	Sena Madureira virus (SMV)
	Sripur sripuvirus	Sripur virus (SRIV)
Tibrovirus	Bas Congo tibrovirus	Bas-Congo virus (BASV)
	Beatrice Hill tibrovirus	Beatrice Hill virus (BHV)
	Coastal Plains tibrovirus	Coastal Plains virus (CPV)
	Ekpoma 1 tibrovirus	Ekpoma virus 1 (EKV-1)
	Ekpoma 2 tibrovirus	Ekpoma virus 2 (EKV-2)
	Sweetwater Branch tibrovirus	Sweetwater Branch virus (SWBV)
	Tibrogargan tibrovirus^*	Bivens Arm virus (BAV)
		Tibrogargan virus (TIBV)
Tupavirus	Durham tupavirus^*	Durham virus (DURV)
	Klamath tupavirus	Klamath virus (KLAV)
	Tupaia tupavirus	tupaia virus (TUPV)
Varicosavirus	Lettuce big-vein associated varicosavirus^*	lettuce big-vein associated virus (LBVaV)¹¹
Vesiculovirus	Alagoas vesiculovirus	vesicular stomatitis Alagoas virus (VSAV)
	American bat vesiculovirus	American bat vesiculovirus (ABVV)
	Carajas vesiculovirus	Carajás virus (CJSV)
	Chandipura vesiculovirus	Chandipura virus (CHPV)
	Cocal vesiculovirus	Cocal virus (COCV)
	Indiana vesiculovirus^*	vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV)
	Isfahan vesiculovirus	Isfahan virus (ISFV)
	Jurona vesiculovirus	Jurona virus (JURV)
	Malpais Spring vesiculovirus	Malpais Spring virus (MSPV)
	Maraba vesiculovirus	Maraba virus (MARAV)
	Morreton vesiculovirus	Morreton virus (MORV)
	New Jersey vesiculovirus	vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV)
	Perinet vesiculovirus	Perinet virus (PERV)
	Piry vesiculovirus	Piry virus (PIRYV)
	Radi vesiculovirus	Radi virus (RADV)
	Yug Bogdanovac vesiculovirus	Yug Bogdanovac virus (YBV)
Unassigned	Moussa virus	Moussa virus (MOUV)
Family Sunviridae
Sunshinevirus	Reptile sunshinevirus 1^*	Sunshine Coast virus (SunCV)
Unassigned
Anphevirus	Xincheng anphevirus^*	Xīnchéng mosquito virus (XcMV)
Arlivirus	Lishi arlivirus^*	Líshí spider virus 2 (LsSV-2)
Chengtivirus	Tacheng chengtivirus^*	Tǎchéng tick virus 6 (TcTV-6)
Crustavirus	Wenzhou crustavirus^*	Wēnzhōu crab virus 1 (WzCV-1)
Wastrivirus	Sanxia wastrivirus^*	Sānxiá water strider virus 4 (SxWSV-4)

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Asterisks denote type species.

^¶

Please note that viruses are real objects that are assigned to concepts that are called taxa. Species, genera, families, and orders are taxa. Taxon names are always italicized and always begin with a capital letter. Virus names, on the other hand, are not italicized and are not capitalized, except if the name or a name component is a proper noun. This column lists the virus names with their correct (lack of) capitalization.

Includes: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and pigeon paramyxovirus 1 (PPMV-1);

synonym: GH-M74a virus;

synonym: murine parainfluenza virus 1;

⁴

synonym: bat paramyxovirus;

⁵

synonym: simian virus 5;

⁶

synonym: porcine rubulavirus;

⁷

synonyms: avian pneumovirus, turkey rhinotracheitis virus;

⁸

synonyms: citrus leprosis virus nuclear type, citrus necrotic spot virus;

⁹

synonym: wild boar rhabdovirus 1 (WBRV1);

¹⁰

synonyms: Egtved virus, Paralichthys olivaceus rhabdovirus;

¹¹

synonym: tobacco stunt virus.

Acknowledgments

We thank Laura Bollinger (NIH/NIAID Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA) for critically editing the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported in part through Battelle Memorial Institute’s prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272200700016I (Y.C., J.H.K.). This work was also funded in part under Contract No. HSHQDC-15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S&T for the management and operation of the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), a federally funded research and development center (V.W.); National Institutes of Health (NIH) contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.); and intramural funds of the US Department of Health and Human Services to the US National Library of Medicine (E.V.K. and Y.I.W.). This work was also supported by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), Scottish Government and Welsh Government (grant number SV3500) (A.R.F.).

ORCIDs

Amarasinghe: orcid.org/0000-0002-0418-9707

Aréchiga Ceballos: orcid/org/0000-0002-7450-3060

Banyard: orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-9825

Basler: orcid.org/0000-0003-4195-425X

Blasdell: orcid.org/0000-0003-2121-0376

Briese: orcid.org/0000-0002-4819-8963

Bukreyev: orcid.org/0000-0002-0342-4824

Chandran: orcid.org/0000-0003-0232-7077

Choi: orcid.org/0000-0001-6825-6924

Dietzgen: orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-2250

Dolnik: orcid.org/0000-0001-7739-4798

Domier: orcid.org/0000-0002-4943-2547

Dürrwald: orcid.org/0000-0002-3432-0438

Dye: orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-5016

Easton: orcid.org/0000-0002-2288-3882

Echevarría: orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-850X

Fooks: orcid.org/0000-0002-3243-6154

Formenty: orcid.org/0000-0002-9482-5411

Fouchier: orcid.org/0000-0001-8095-2869

Freuling: orcid.org/0000-0002-1076-398X

Ghedin: orcid.org/0000-0002-1515-725X

Goldberg: orcid.org/0000-0003-3962-4913

Hewson: orcid.org/0000-0003-2273-3152

Horie: orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

Hyndman: orcid.org/0000-0003-4083-562X

Kobinger: orcid.org/0000-0003-0612-2298

Krupovic: orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-0098

Kurath: orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X

Lee: orcid.org/0000-0003-0760-1709

Maes: orcid.org/0000-0002-4571-5232

Maisner: orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-4050

Marston: orcid.org/0000-0001-9215-088X

Mühlberger: orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-9376

Müller: orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-3653

Netesov: orcid.org/0000-0002-7786-2464

Ng: orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-8697

Nowotny: orcid.org/0000-0002-3548-571X

Palacios: orcid.org/0000-0001-5062-1938

Pawęska: orcid.org/0000-0001-8776-7519

Payne: orcid.org/0000-0001-8494-580X

Rima: 0000-0002-1427-4120

Siddell: orcid.org/0000-0002-8702-7868

Stenglein: 0000-0002-0993-813X

Stone: orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-746X

Takada: orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-6642

Thomazelli: orcid.org/0000-0002-9157-6122

Towner: orcid.org/0000-0002-6473-3049

Vasilakis: orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-3289

Vázquez-Morón: orcid.org/0000-0002-0977-741X

Verdugo: orcid.org/0000-0002-2866-260X

Wahl: orcid.org/0000-0002-6588-4308

Walker: orcid.org/0000-0003-1851-642X

Wellehan: orcid.org/0000-0001-5692-6134

Whitfield: orcid.org/0000-0002-3538-015X

Wolf: orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-8708

Ye: orcid.org/0000-0003-4937-8867

Kuhn: orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-6045

Footnotes

COMPLIANCE WITH ETHICAL STANDARDS

The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Department of the Army, the US Department of Defense, the US Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T), or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. In no event shall any of these entities have any responsibility or liability for any use, misuse, inability to use, or reliance upon the information contained herein. The US departments do not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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[R20] 20.Pringle CR, Alexander DJ, Billeter MA, Collins PL, Kingsbury DW, Lipkind MA, Nagai Y, Orvell C, Rima B, Rott R, ter Meulen V. The order Mononegavirales. Arch Virol. 1991;117:137–140. [Google Scholar]

[R21] 21.Pringle CR. Virus taxonomy 1996—a bulletin from the Xth International Congress of Virology in Jerusalem. Arch Virol. 1996;141:2251–2256. doi: 10.1007/BF01718231. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R22] 22.Pringle CR. The order Mononegavirales—current status. Arch Virol. 1997;142:2321–2326. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R23] 23.Pringle CR. Order Mononegavirales. In: van Regenmortel MHV, Fauquet CM, Bishop DHL, Carstens EB, Estes MK, Lemon SM, Maniloff J, Mayo MA, McGeoch DJ, Pringle CR, Wickner RB, editors. Virus Taxonomy—Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Academic Press; San Diego, California, USA: 2000. pp. 525–530. [Google Scholar]

[R24] 24.Pringle CR. Order Mononegavirales. In: Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselberger U, Ball LA, editors. Virus Taxonomy—Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier/Academic Press; San Diego, California, USA: 2005. pp. 609–614. [Google Scholar]

[R25] 25.Shi M, Lin X-D, Tian J-H, Chen L-J, Chen X, Li C-X, Qin X-C, Li J, Cao J-P, Eden J-S, Buchmann J, Wang W, Xu J, Holmes EC, Zhang Y-Z. Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere. Nature. 2016;540:539–543. doi: 10.1038/nature20167. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R26] 26.Standfast HA, Dyce AL, St George TD, Muller MJ, Doherty RL, Carley JG, Filippich C. Isolation of arboviruses from insects collected at Beatrice Hill, Northern Territory of Australia, 1974-1976. Aust J Biol Sci. 1984;37:351–366. doi: 10.1071/bi9840351. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R27] 27.Thampaisarn R, Bui VN, Trinh DQ, Nagai M, Mizutani T, Omatsu T, Katayama Y, Gronsang D, Le DHT, Ogawa H, Imai K. Characterization of avian paramyxovirus serotype 14, a novel serotype, isolated from a duck fecal sample in Japan. Virus Res. 2017;228:46–57. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.018. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R28] 28.Thomazelli LM, de Araújo J, Fabrizio T, Walker D, Reischak D, Ometto T, Barbosa CM, Petry MV, Webby RJ, Durigon EL. Novel avian paramyxovirus (APMV-15) isolated from a migratory bird in South America. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0177214. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177214. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[R29] 29.Wiley MR, Prieto K, Blasdell KR, Caì Y, Campos Lawson C, Walker PJ, Chiu CY, Palacios G, Kuhn JH. Beatrice Hill virus represents a novel species in the genus Tibrovirus (Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae) Genome Announc. 2017;5:e01485–01416. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.01485-16. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

PERMALINK

TAXONOMY OF THE ORDER MONONEGAVIRALES: UPDATE 2018

Gaya K Amarasinghe

Nidia G Aréchiga Ceballos

Ashley C Banyard

Christopher F Basler

Sina Bavari

Andrew J Bennett

Kim R Blasdell

Thomas Briese

Alexander Bukreyev

Yíngyún Caì (蔡莹芸)

Charles H Calisher

Cristine Campos Lawson

Kartik Chandran

Colin A Chapman

Charles Y Chiu

Kang-Seuk Choi (최강석)

Peter L Collins

Ralf G Dietzgen

Valerian V Dolja

Olga Dolnik

Leslie L Domier

Ralf Dürrwald

John M Dye

Andrew J Easton

Hideki Ebihara (海老原秀喜)

Juan E Echevarría

Anthony R Fooks

Pierre B H Formenty

Ron A M Fouchier

Conrad M Freuling

Elodie Ghedin

Tony L Goldberg

Roger Hewson

Masayuki Horie (堀江真行)

Timothy H Hyndman

Dàohóng Jiāng (姜道宏)

Robert Kityo

Gary P Kobinger

Hideki Kondō (近藤秀樹)

Eugene V Koonin

Mart Krupovic

Gael Kurath

Robert A Lamb

Benhur Lee

Eric M Leroy

Piet Maes

Andrea Maisner

Denise A Marston

Sunil Kumar Mor

Thomas Müller

Elke Mühlberger

Víctor Manuel Neira Ramírez

Sergey V Netesov (Нетёсов Сергей Викторович)

Terry Fei Fan Ng

Norbert Nowotny

Gustavo Palacios

Jean L Patterson

Janusz T Pawęska

Susan L Payne

Karla Prieto

Bertus K Rima

Paul Rota

Dennis Rubbenstroth

Martin Schwemmle

Stuart Siddell

Sophie J Smither

Qisheng Song

Timothy Song

Mark D Stenglein

David M Stone

Ayato Takada (高田礼人)

Robert B Tesh

Luciano Matsumiya Thomazelli

Keizō Tomonaga (朝長啓造)

Noël Tordo

Jonathan S Towner

Nikos Vasilakis

Sonia Vázquez-Morón

Bornaviridae

Filoviridae

Mymonaviridae

Nyamiviridae

Paramyxoviridae

Pneumoviridae

Rhabdoviridae

Sunviridae