Table 2. Neuropsychological tasks by diagnostic group.
| Cognitive Measure | Control | ASD | ADHD | Posthoc covarying Age | Effect Size (β)a | Posthoc covarying Age & IQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delay Discounting | -3.90 (2.08) | -4.15 (2.80) | -3.64 (2.61) | --- | .01, .07, .02 | --- |
| Arousal | .19 (.49) | .19 (.52) | -.14 (.47) | ASD=ADHD>C | .22, .37, .11 | ASD>ADHD>C |
| Speed | -1.47(5.22) | 1.80 (9.81) | .54 (6.88) | ASD>ADHD>C | .46, .24, .28 | ASD>ADHD>C |
| Working Memory | .44(1.10) | -.20 (1.38) | -.22 (1.10) | ASD<ADHD<C | .48, .40, .18 | ASD=ADHD<C |
| Switching | 126.35(51.80) | 139.03 (64.38) | 145.18(60.43) | ADHD>C | .18, .00, .13 | ADHD>C |
| Interference Control | 85.30 (24.68) | 91.04 (50.81) | 99.49 (31.76) | ADHD>C | .14, .10, .15 | ADHD>C |
| Response Inhibition | 248.55 (78.84) | 302.52 (122.26) | 291.56 (115.06) | ASD=ADHD>C | .33, .21, .10 | ASD=ADHD>C |
| RT Variability | 214.22 (72.05) | 249.68 (106.21) | 259.97 (92.86) | ASD>ADHD>C | .36, .28, .13 | ASD>ADHD>C |
| Drift Rate | 3.15 (.73) | 3.00 (.89) | 2.72 (.76) | ASD=ADHD<C | .29, .30, .04 | ASD=ADHD<C |
| Boundary Separation | 1.55 (.33) | 1.71 (.34) | 1.56 (.30) | ASD>C=ADHD | .21, .00, .18 | ASD>ADHD=C |
| Non-decision Time | .47 (.13) | .45 (.15) | .44 (.11) | ADHD<C | .07, .12, .02 | ADHD<C |
Note: ASD = Autism spectrum disorder; ADHD= Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Raw means for each group are reported.
Post-hoc and effect sizes reflect findings of the final model including covariates.
a
These values reflect the absolute value of the standardized regression coefficient for the Control/ASD, Control/ADHD, and ASD/ADHD comparison, respectively.