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. 2018 Jul 20;61(9):1902–1912. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4692-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 1 — Natural history of diabetic retinopathy, based on retinal microvascular disease progression, and current treatment options. NVU impairment is an early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy that can be assessed by functional (i.e. mfERG [with or without flickering] and microperimetry) or morphological (i.e. SD-OCT) analysis. DR, diabetic retinopathy; mfERG, multifocal electroretinogram; NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; SD-OCT, spectral domain OCT. Schematic adapted from Simó and Hernández [73] by permission from BMJ Publishing Group Limited. mfERG image, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); microperimetry image, used with permission from CenterVue SpA; SD-OCT image, 3D OCT-2000, used by permission of Topcon GB Ltd. This figure is available as part of a downloadable slideset