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. 2018 Jun 23;23(7):1517. doi: 10.3390/molecules23071517

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Enhanced expression of bone metabolism marker genes and proteins in SPF alveolar bone. Alveolar bone from 8-week-old GF and SPF mice was harvested for gene expression assays and ELISA. Total RNA isolated from alveolar bone was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array (a) and real-time PCR (b). (a) PCR array profiling of osteogenic gene expression in GF and SPF alveolar bone. Data from SPF (ordinate) and GF (abscissa) evaluations are plotted. Constantly elevated or varying levels of gene expression are indicated by red open circles. Circles on the diagonal line represent relative changes in metabolite levels that were stable between the two groups. (b) Closed circles in Figure 3a denote expression of genes that were significantly higher in SPF mice than GF mice (>4 times) examined in Figure 3b. (c,d) Alveolar bones from mandibles were manually homogenized, and proteins were extracted. Levels of γ-carboxylated glutamic acid–osteocalcin (c) and cathepsin K (d) were significantly higher in SPF mice than GF mice. * p < 0.05, t-test (n = 6/group).