Table 3.
The bacterial taxa at the Carignano site with significant variations (p-value ≤ 0.05) in the rhizosphere of maize plants grown from seeds treated with Biostiumant 1 and Biostimulant 2 compared with untreated controls. Data reported are presented as the percentages of the abundance of the mean values of 4 biological replicates.
| Taxonomy | RhC | RhBio1 | Relative Difference a | p-Value | RhBio2 | Relative Difference a | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.M. of Subgroup 19 order | 0.001% | 0.002% | −43% | 0.428 | 0.004% | −70% | 0.049 * |
| Uncultured bacterium gp7 | 0.009% | 0.019% | −54% | 0.009 * | 0.007% | 32% | 0.546 |
| U.M. of uncultured Thermaerobacter | 0.004% | 0.001% | 304% | 0.042 * | 0.006% | −37% | 0.438 |
| Geodermatophilus | 0.613% | 0.629% | −3% | 0.735 | 0.523% | 17% | 0.032 * |
| Quadrisphaera | 0.005% | 0.007% | −31% | 0.154 | 0.009% | −44% | 0.011 * |
| U.M. of Cellulomonadaceae family | 0.002% | 0.001% | 140% | 0.261 | 0.0% | absent in RhBio2 | 0.048 * |
| U.M. of Microbacteriaceae family | 0.228% | 0.164% | 39% | 0.031 * | 0.152% | 49% | 0.008 ** |
| Nocardioides | 0.71% | 0.656% | 8% | 0.446 | 0.53% | 34% | 0.006 ** |
| Actinoallomurus | 0.000% | 0.002% | absent in RhC | 0.047 * | 0.001% | absent in RhC | 0.356 |
| Gaiella | 1.7% | 1.3% | 18% | 0.071 | 1.3% | 23% | 0.012 * |
| U.M. of FCPU744 family | 0.006% | 0.001% | 506% | 0.023 * | 0.004% | 58% | 0.320 |
| U.M. of Thermoleophilia class | 0.005% | 0.002% | 157% | 0.028 * | 0.002% | 193% | 0.068 |
| Prevotella | 0.002% | 0.011% | −80% | 0.199 | 0.027% | −92% | 0.017 * |
| Hymenobacter | 0.012% | 0.011% | 10% | 0.817 | 0.004% | 224% | 0.026 * |
| Ohtaekwangia | 0.167% | 0.158% | 6% | 0.659 | 0.22% | −24% | 0.039 * |
| U.M. of AKYH767 family | 0.014% | 0.007% | 105% | 0.027 * | 0.007% | 90% | 0.020 * |
| U.M. of Chitinophagaceae family | 0.466% | 0.521% | −11% | 0.030 * | 0.511% | −9% | 0.386 |
| U.M. of Sphingobacteriaceae family | 0.109% | 0.131% | −17% | 0.478 | 0.078% | 40% | 0.013 * |
| U.M. of Anaerolineaceae family | 1.06% | 1.1% | −8% | 0.263 | 1.2% | −11% | 0.036 * |
| U.M. of Chloroflexia class | 0.001% | 0.005% | −76% | 0.019 * | 0.004% | −72% | 0.198 |
| Nitrolancea | 0.006% | 0.005% | 27% | 0.603 | 0.003% | 130% | 0.032 * |
| U.M. of LineageIIa order | 0.002% | 0.007% | −75% | 0.012 * | 0.006% | −70% | 0.023 * |
| Anaerobacillus | 0.004% | 0.008% | −53% | 0.038 | 0.004% | 7% | 0.908 |
| U.M. of Bacillaceae family | 0.021% | 0.028% | −23% | 0.455 | 0.031% | −30% | 0.018 * |
| Brevibacillus | 0.006% | 0.002% | 175% | 0.046 * | 0.004% | 82% | 0.118 |
| Cohnella | 0.082% | 0.114% | −28% | 0.021 * | 0.102% | −19% | 0.361 |
| U.M. of Thermoactinomycetaceae family | 0.001% | 0.001% | −42% | 0.632 | 0.004% | −85% | 0.010 ** |
| U.M. of Clostridiaceae 1 family | 0.015% | 0.006% | 141% | 0.003 ** | 0.01% | 41% | 0.066 |
| Lutispora | 0.002% | 0.000% | absent in RhBio1 | 0.024 * | 0.002% | 4% | 0.943 |
| U.M. of C47 class | 0.013% | 0.018% | −29% | 0.032 * | 0.016% | −20% | 0.512 |
| U.M. of Phycisphaeraceae family | 0.000% | 0.001% | absent in RhC | 0.135 | 0.002% | absent in RhC | 0.027 * |
| Planctomycete LX80 | 0.006% | 0.015% | −56% | 0.011 * | 0.014% | −53% | 0.164 |
| U.M. of Pla3 lineage class | 0.000% | 0.002% | absent in RhC | 0.003 ** | 0.004% | absent in RhC | 0.179 |
| Isosphaera | 0.000% | 0.002% | absent in RhC | 0.043 * | 0.002% | absent in RhC | 0.146 |
| Pir4 lineage (Planctomycetaceae family) | 0.142% | 0.18% | −21% | 0.100 | 0.17% | −16% | 0.043 * |
| Bosea | 0.08% | 0.06% | 35% | 0.121 | 0.052% | 55% | 0.021 * |
| U.M. of Hyphomicrobiaceae family | 0.057% | 0.044% | 28% | 0.034 * | 0.031% | 81% | 0.010 ** |
| Microvirga | 0.178% | 0.167% | 6% | 0.582 | 0.137% | 30% | 0.039 * |
| Rhizomicrobium | 0.051% | 0.041% | 24% | 0.535 | 0.031% | 64% | 0.032 * |
| Labrys | 0.004% | 0.005% | −8% | 0.862 | 0.021% | −79% | 0.037 * |
| U.M. of MNC12 family | 0.03% | 0.02% | 50% | 0.001 *** | 0.019% | 55% | 0.036 * |
| U.M. of MND8 family | 0.129% | 0.138% | −7% | 0.571 | 0.166% | −23% | 0.026 * |
| Ottowia | 0.006% | 0.011% | −48% | 0.105 | 0.001% | 442% | 0.023 * |
| Pseudorhodoferax | 0.000% | 0.0% | absent in RhBio1 | 0.000 | 0.001% | absent in RhC | 0.024 * |
| Noviherbaspirillum | 0.016% | 0.009% | 77% | 0.204 | 0.003% | 359% | 0.048 * |
| Pseudoduganella | 0.001% | 0.0% | 28% | 0.870 | 0.003% | −78% | 0.033 * |
| U.M. of AKYG597 family | 0.000% | 0.000% | absent in RhC | 0.356 | 0.002% | absent in RhC | 0.000 *** |
| U.M. of FFCH16767 family | 0.007% | 0.006% | 3% | 0.931 | 0.005% | 27% | 0.012 * |
| Nannocystis | 0.029% | 0.039% | −26% | 0.036 * | 0.027% | 8% | 0.421 |
| Sorangium | 0.216% | 0.159% | 36% | 0.050 * | 0.198% | 9% | 0.405 |
| Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans | 0.008% | 0.016% | −53% | 0.001 *** | 0.016% | −52% | 0.042 * |
| U.M. of Deltaproteobacteria class | 0.105% | 0.125% | −16% | 0.045 * | 0.127% | −17% | 0.057 |
| U.M. of CHAB-XI-27 family | 0.002% | 0.002% | −13% | 0.868 | 0.0% | absent in RhBio2 | 0.024 * |
| Pseudoxanthomonas | 0.066% | 0.051% | 29% | 0.229 | 0.033% | 102% | 0.020 * |
| Thermomonas | 0.043% | 0.049% | −11% | 0.492 | 0.064% | −33% | 0.019 * |
| Turneriella | 0.003% | 0.004% | −28% | 0.650 | 0.008% | −63% | 0.034 * |
| U.M. of OPB35 soil group class | 0.507% | 0.528% | −4% | 0.480 | 0.616% | −18% | 0.014 * |
| Others | 0.003% | 0.009% | −61% | 0.002 ** | 0.006% | −44% | 0.292 |
U.M. = Unclassified member; RhC = Rhizosphere of control plants; RhBio1 = Rhizosphere of plants grown from seeds treated with Bio1; RhBio2 = Rhizosphere of plants grown from seeds treated with Bio2. Relative difference: (RhC-RhBio1) × 100/RhBio1 and (RhC-RhBio2) × 100/RhBio2. Asterisk indicates a significant variation of the relative difference: * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001.