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Autophagosome formation contributes to AA induced cytotoxicity. (A) ATG5-specific siRNA oligos reduced ATG5 protein levels in HepG2 cells. The third (#3) siRNA oligos was selected for subsequent experiments. (B) Atg5 knockdown significantly reverses the inhibitory effects of AA on HepG2 cells, ### p < 0.001, *** p < 0.001, Two-way ANOVA. (C) Pretreatment with 3-MA or LY294002 significantly reduces AA-induced cell death in HepG2 cells.
