Table 5.
Univariable Logistic Models of In-hospital Mortality.
| In-hospital mortality | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 481)
|
|||
| Odds ratio1 (95% CI) | p-value | % Missing2 | |
| Duration of ECMO (days) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.04) | 0.134 | 0% |
| Bloodstream infection | 2.67 (1.06, 6.74) | 0.038 | 0% |
| Respiratory infection | 1.16 (0.66, 2.06) | 0.608 | 0% |
| Urine infection | 1.05 (0.43, 2.58) | 0.917 | 0% |
| Other site of infection | 0.96 (0.21, 4.33) | 0.957 | 0% |
| Clinical Site | 0.679 | 0% | |
| A | 1.02 (0.54, 1.93) | ||
| B | Reference | ||
| C | 0.85 (0.38, 1.88) | ||
| D | 1.31 (0.69, 2.47) | ||
| E | 0.78 (0.39, 1.58) | ||
| F | 1.40 (0.74, 2.62) | ||
| G | 1.33 (0.55, 3.20) | ||
| H | 1.40 (0.77, 2.55) | ||
| Age | 0.007 | 0% | |
| Pre-term neonate | 3.18 (1.62, 6.27) | ||
| Full-term neonate | Reference | ||
| Infant | 1.82 (1.14, 2.90) | ||
| Child | 1.44 (0.84, 2.45) | ||
| Adolescent | 1.58 (0.81, 3.08) | ||
| Sex | 0.439 | 0% | |
| Male | Reference | ||
| Female | 1.16 (0.80, 1.67) | ||
| Race | 0.775 | 28% | |
| Black or African American | 1.04 (0.63, 1.71) | ||
| White | Reference | ||
| Other | 1.34 (0.60, 3.02) | ||
| Ethnicity | 0.970 | 0% | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 0.95 (0.58, 1.55) | ||
| Not Hispanic or Latino | Reference | ||
| Unknown or Not Reported | 1.02 (0.63, 1.63) | ||
| Immunocompromised | 1.91 (1.00, 3.66) | 0.051 | 0% |
| Acute diagnoses | |||
| Airway abnormality | 0.73 (0.21, 2.51) | 0.613 | 0% |
| Cardiac Arrest | 1.53 (0.82, 2.87) | 0.185 | 0% |
| Cardiovascular disease (acquired) | 1.38 (0.81, 2.34) | 0.236 | 0% |
| Cardiovascular disease (arrhythmia) | 1.29 (0.50, 3.31) | 0.594 | 0% |
| Cardiovascular disease (congenital) | 1.65 (1.13, 2.40) | 0.009 | 0% |
| Hypoxic/anoxic injury | 0.52 (0.18, 1.51) | 0.229 | 0% |
| Gastrointestinal disorder | 1.75 (0.72, 4.23) | 0.215 | 0% |
| Pertussis or Sepsis | 0.81 (0.50, 1.30) | 0.372 | 0% |
| Pneumonia or bronchiolitis | 0.63 (0.26, 1.49) | 0.290 | 0% |
| Shock (non-septic) | 0.79 (0.26, 2.47) | 0.691 | 0% |
| Respiratory distress/failure | 1.08 (0.74, 1.57) | 0.707 | 0% |
| Neurologic condition | 0.38 (0.12, 1.19) | 0.097 | 0% |
| Meconium aspiration syndrome | 0.08 (0.02, 0.25) | <.001 | 0% |
| Congenital diaphragmatic hernia | 2.09 (1.18, 3.71) | 0.012 | 0% |
| Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn | 0.44 (0.27, 0.73) | 0.001 | 0% |
| Chronic diagnoses | |||
| Chronic lung disease | 1.46 (0.55, 3.85) | 0.445 | 0% |
| Congenital anomaly or chromosomal defect | 1.63 (1.06, 2.49) | 0.024 | 0% |
| Neurologic condition | 0.74 (0.33, 1.65) | 0.463 | 0% |
| Cardiovascular disease (congenital) | 0.92 (0.58, 1.46) | 0.727 | 0% |
| Infection prior to ECMO | 0.067 | 0% | |
| None | Reference | ||
| Suspected | 0.65 (0.43, 0.99) | ||
| Documented | 1.15 (0.69, 1.91) | ||
| Cardiopulmonary bypass in the 24 hours prior to ECMO initiation | 1.63 (1.09, 2.44) | 0.017 | 0% |
| Baseline Vasoactive Inotropic Score3 | 0.282 | 0% | |
| None | Reference | ||
| Low | 0.71 (0.45, 1.13) | ||
| High | 0.94 (0.61, 1.46) | ||
| Primary ECMO indication | <.001 | 0% | |
| Respiratory | Reference | ||
| Cardiac | 1.74 (1.17, 2.59) | ||
| ECPR | 3.48 (1.97, 6.14) | ||
| Location of ECMO care | 0.002 | 0% | |
| PICU | 1.46 (0.87, 2.47) | ||
| NICU | Reference | ||
| CICU | 2.17 (1.41, 3.32) | ||
| Mode of ECMO | 0.005 | 0% | |
| VA | Reference | ||
| VV | 0.48 (0.29, 0.80) | ||
| Configuration of circuit bridge | 0.226 | 0% | |
| In-line with stopcocks | Reference | ||
| In-line, but clamped | 0.75 (0.48, 1.15) | ||
| Not in-line | 0.70 (0.42, 1.15) | ||
| Method for priming the circuit | 0.878 | 0% | |
| Non-blood (clear) | 1.07 (0.45, 2.53) | ||
| Blood product | Reference | ||
| Average daily red cell transfusion volume (10 mL/kg) | 1.15 (1.07, 1.23) | <.001 | 1% |
ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ECPR: extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; PICU: pediatric intensive care unit; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; CICU: cardiac intensive care unit; VA: venoarterial; VV: venovenous.
1
Results are based on univariable model(s).
2
The percentage of missing values is calculated out of the records with a non-missing value for the outcome of the associated model.
3
None is Vasoactive Inotropic Score (VIS) =0, low is VIS >0 and <20 and high is VIS ≥20.