Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to all participants and by vegetable diversity intake categories.
| All Participants 1 | Vegetable Diversity 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤3 number/d | 4 number/d | ≥5 number/d | ||
| Number (%) | 1429 | 484 (34) | 440 (31) | 505 (35) |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years | 75.2 ± 2.7 | 75.3 ± 2.8 | 75.2 ± 2.7 | 75.0 ± 2.7 |
| Treatment group (calcium) 3 | 716 (50.1) | 240 (49.6) | 222 (50.6) | 254 (50.3) |
| Body mass index (BMI) 4, kg/m2 | 27.2 ± 4.8 | 27.3 ± 4.7 | 27.2 ± 4.9 | 27.1 ± 4.7 |
| Smoked ever 5 | 531 (37.4) | 179 (37.2) | 165 (37.7) | 187 (37.3) |
| Physical activity 4, kJ/day | 470.6 (0.0–746.3) | 451.5 (0.0–861.1) | 444.3 (149.5–821.4) | 865.5 (488.2–865.4) |
| Prevalent diabetes mellitus | 90 (6.3) | 36 (7.4) | 22 (5.0) | 32 (6.3) |
| Socioeconomic status 6 | ||||
| Top 10% most highly disadvantaged | 63 (4.4) | 21 (4.4) | 13 (3.0) | 29 (5.8) |
| Highly disadvantaged | 171 (12.1) | 65 (13.5) | 49 (11.2) | 57 (11.4) |
| Moderate-highly disadvantaged | 229 (16.2) | 81 (16.8) | 69 (15.8) | 79 (15.8) |
| Low-moderately disadvantaged | 216 (15.2) | 77 (16.0) | 63 (14.4) | 76 (15.2) |
| Low disadvantaged | 298 (21.0) | 96 (19.9) | 97 (22.2) | 105 (21.0) |
| Top 10% least disadvantaged | 440 (31.1) | 142 (29.5) | 145 (33.3) | 153 (30.7) |
| Dietary intakes | ||||
| Energy, kJ/day | 7102.3 ± 2078.1 | 6745.5 ± 2088.7 | 7177.4 ± 2056.5 | 7378.8 ± 2041.4 |
| Vegetable intake, g/day | 196.7 ± 79.3 | 128.5 ± 46.8 | 197.5 ± 49.4 | 261.3 ± 70.3 |
| Protein, g/day | 79.5 ± 26.6 | 73.6±26.9 | 80.6 ± 26.6 | 84.4 ± 25.2 |
| Calcium, mg/day | 954.0 ± 346.8 | 883.6 ± 340.9 | 973.5 ± 339.2 | 1004.5 ± 348.5 |
| Alcohol, g/day | 1.8 (0.3–9.8) | 1.4 (0.3–9.0) | 1.9 (0.3–9.2) | 2.2 (0.3–10.6) |
1 Data presented as the mean ± SD, median (interquartile range) or number (n) and (%); 2 Vegetable diversity was assessed by number of different vegetables consumed daily (number/d); 3 n = 1428; 4 n = 1427; 5 n = 1421; 6 n = 1417. Bolded numbers indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05) between groups using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Chi-square test where appropriate.