Table 3. Diagnostic performance of urinary EV mRNA for bladder cancer detection.
| Stage | Marker | AUC | Sensitivity | Specificity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (N=173) | SLC2A1 | 0.70 (0.62-0.78) | 0.64 | 0.75 |
| GPRC5A | 0.64 (0.56-0.73) | 0.54 | 0.72 | |
| KRT17 | 0.64 (0.56-0.73) | 0.58 | 0.58 | |
| Cytology1 | 0.62 (0.53-0.71) | 0.48 | 0.77 | |
| Cytology2 | 0.63 (0.54-0.71) | 0.48 | 0.77 | |
| Cytology3 | 0.57 (0.50-0.64) | 0.27 | 0.87 | |
| BTA | 0.58 (0.52-0.64) | 0.29 | 0.86 | |
| pTa (N=115) | SLC2A1 | 0.64 (0.55-0.74) | 0.55 | 0.75 |
| GPRC5A | 0.56 (0.46-0.65) | 0.55 | 0.56 | |
| KRT17 | 0.57 (0.46-0.67) | 0.63 | 0.44 | |
| Cytology1 | 0.53 (0.44-0.63) | 0.32 | 0.77 | |
| Cytology2 | 0.54 (0.45-0.63) | 0.32 | 0.77 | |
| Cytology3 | 0.49 (0.42-0.56) | 0.11 | 0.87 | |
| BTA | 0.56 (0.49-0.63) | 0.26 | 0.86 | |
| pTis (N=10) | SLC2A1 | 0.68 (0.50-0.85) | 0.80 | 0.61 |
| GPRC5A | 0.80 (0.67-0.93) | 0.70 | 0.81 | |
| KRT17 | 0.62 (0.41-0.83) | 0.60 | 0.58 | |
| Cytology1 | 0.77 (0.59-0.94) | 0.70 | 0.87 | |
| Cytology2 | 0.73 (0.57-0.90) | 0.70 | 0.77 | |
| Cytology3 | 0.78 (0.62-0.95) | 0.70 | 0.87 | |
| BTA | 0.54 (0.39-0.69) | 0.20 | 0.97 | |
| pT1 (N=37) | SLC2A1 | 0.86 (0.78-0.95) | 0.89 | 0.78 |
| GPRC5A | 0.85 (0.76-0.94) | 0.84 | 0.75 | |
| KRT17 | 0.82 (0.73-0.92) | 0.65 | 0.89 | |
| Cytology1 | 0.82 (0.72-0.92) | 0.86 | 0.77 | |
| Cytology2 | 0.81 (0.72-0.91) | 0.86 | 0.77 | |
| Cytology3 | 0.72 (0.62-0.82) | 0.57 | 0.87 | |
| BTA | 0.60 (0.51-0.70) | 0.32 | 0.86 | |
| > pT2 (N=11) | SLC2A1 | 0.76 (0.57-0.95) | 0.73 | 0.86 |
| GPRC5A | 0.72 (0.54-0.90) | 0.64 | 0.75 | |
| KRT17 | 0.90 (0.79-1.00) | 0.82 | 0.83 | |
| Cytology1 | 0.72 (0.54-0.91) | 0.67 | 0.77 | |
| Cytology2 | 0.72 (0.54-0.90) | 0.67 | 0.77 | |
| Cytology3 | 0.66 (0.47-0.84) | 0.44 | 0.87 | |
| BTA | 0.72 (0.55-0.89) | 0.55 | 0.92 | |
| G2 (N=110) | SLC2A1 | 0.63 (0.54-0.73) | 0.54 | 0.75 |
| GPRC5A | 0.58 (0.48-0.68) | 0.58 | 0.56 | |
| KRT17 | 0.59 (0.49-0.69) | 0.55 | 0.56 | |
| Cytology1 | 0.52 (0.42-0.61) | 0.29 | 0.77 | |
| Cytology2 | 0.53 (0.44-0.62) | 0.29 | 0.77 | |
| Cytology3 | 0.47 (0.41-0.54) | 0.08 | 0.87 | |
| BTA | 0.58 (0.51-0.65) | 0.28 | 0.86 | |
| G3 (N=59) | SLC2A1 | 0.82 (0.73-0.90) | 0.81 | 0.75 |
| GPRC5A | 0.77 (0.68-0.87) | 0.71 | 0.75 | |
| KRT17 | 0.75 (0.65-0.84) | 0.56 | 0.86 | |
| Cytology1 | 0.81 (0.72-0.90) | 0.82 | 0.77 | |
| Cytology2 | 0.79 (0.70-0.89) | 0.82 | 0.77 | |
| Cytology3 | 0.74 (0.65-0.83) | 0.61 | 0.87 | |
| BTA | 0.59 (0.51-0.67) | 0.31 | 0.86 |
Diagnostic performance of urinary EV mRNA, urine cytology and BTA assay for the detection of bladder cancer was evaluated by area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval in ROC curve analysis. For the optimal threshold, sensitivity and specificity were obtained. DC and NRT (N=36) were used as a control group and BC at various stages/grades was used for a target group. For urine cytology, three different score assignments were used: Cytology1; Positive (2), suspicious (1) and negative (0), Cytology2; Positive/suspicious (1) and negative (0), and Cytology3; Positive (1) and suspicious/negative (0).