Table 1. Patient Characteristics, Preoperative Treatment, and Indication for Inclusion in the Study.

Patient No.	Sex	Age, y	Medical History	Type of Airway Disease	Description of Localization	Type of Preoperative Treatment	Indication for Study Inclusion
1	M	78	Prostatic adenoma, past smoker (50 pack-years), and COPD	Non–small cell lung cancer, large cell subtype	Right lung and extending to main bronchus and left atrium	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (3 cycles)	To avoid pneumonectomy
2	F	58	Thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism and idiopathic laryngeal edema	Postintubation benign tracheal stenosis and upper airway malacia	Laryngotracheal	Conventional endoscopic and surgical treatment	Extensive lesion and failure of previous treatment
3	F	24	Toll-like receptor deficiency and fulminant hepatitis (HSV type2)	Postintubation benign tracheal stenosis	Laryngotracheal	Conventional endoscopic and surgical treatment	Extensive lesion and failure of previous treatment
4	M	33	Severe epilepsy and tracheal intubation in ICU	Postintubation benign tracheal stenosis	Laryngotracheal	Conventional endoscopic and surgical treatment	Extensive lesion and failure of previous treatment
5	M	59	Alcoholic cirrhosis, obesity, past smoker (80 pack-years), and COPD	Non–small cell lung cancer, squamous cell subtype	Right lung and extending to proximal bronchi and pulmonary artery	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (3 cycles)	To avoid pneumonectomy
6	F	41	Obesity (BMI of 37.5a) and gestational diabetes	Extended carcinoid tumor for >3 y	Lower trachea, carina, right lung, and mediastinal nodes	Palliative endoscopic treatment	Not accessible to conventional surgery
7	M	62	Coronary stenting, past smoker (40 pack-years), and COPD	Non–small cell lung cancer, squamous cell subtype	Left lung, upper lobe extending to main bronchus	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (3 cycles)	To avoid pneumonectomy
8	M	57	Carotid surgery, past smoker (70 pack-years), and COPD	Non–small cell lung cancer, squamous cell subtype	Left lung, lower lobe extending to the origin of upper bronchus	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (3 cycles)	To avoid pneumonectomy
9	M	50	Past smoker (45 pack-years) and COPD	Non–small cell lung cancer, squamous cell subtype	Right lung and extending to proximal bronchi and pulmonary artery	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (3 cycles)	To avoid pneumonectomy
10	F	79	Middle lobectomy for carcinoid tumor and thyroidectomy	Recurrence of carcinoid tumor	Right lung and extending to proximal bronchi and pulmonary artery	None	To avoid pneumonectomy
11	M	54	Alcohol use disorder, past smoker (60 pack-years), and COPD	Non–small cell lung cancer, squamous cell subtype	Right lung and extending to proximal bronchi and pulmonary artery	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (3 cycles)	To avoid pneumonectomy
12	F	41	Thyroidectomy and ablation of atrial tachycardia	Carcinoid tumor	Left lung, lower lobe extending to superior pulmonary vein	None	To avoid pneumonectomy
13	M	60	Diabetes, coronary stenting, past smoker (80 pack-years), and COPD	Non–small cell lung cancer, squamous cell subtype	Right lung, lower and middle lobe extending to proximal bronchi	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (3 cycles)	To avoid pneumonectomy
14	M	59	Cardiac arrhythmia, past smoker (60 pack-years), and COPD	Non–small cell lung cancer, squamous cell subtype	Right lung, lower and middle lobe extending to proximal bronchi	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (3 cycles)	To avoid pneumonectomy
15	M	68	Endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysm	Non–small cell lung cancer, squamous cell subtype	Left lung, lower lobe extending to the origin of upper bronchus	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (3 cycles)	To avoid pneumonectomy
16	M	68	Hypertension, past smoker (50 pack-years), and COPD	Non–small cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma subtype	Left lung, upper lobe extending to main bronchus	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (3 cycles)	To avoid pneumonectomy
17	M	45	Hypertension and thyroid carcinoma	Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma	Tracheal invasion left in place at initial surgical resection (R2)b	None	Extensive lesion and failure of previous treatment
18	F	49	Amygdalectomy	Non–small cell lung cancer, large cell subtype	Left lung, lower lobe extending to the origin of upper bronchus	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (3 cycles)	To avoid pneumonectomy
19	M	50	Amygdalectomy and past smoker (34 pack-years)	Rhabdomyosarcoma	Right lung and extending to proximal bronchi and thoracic wall	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (5 cycles)	To avoid pneumonectomy
20	F	64	Recurrent thyroid carcinoma and right vocal cord paralysis	Papillary thyroid carcinoma	Invasion on right side of trachea left in place at iterative surgical resection (R2)b	Refractory to iterative iodine therapy	Extensive lesion and failure of previous treatment

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HSV, herpes simplex virus; ICU, intensive care unit; R2, macroscopic residual tumor.

^aCalculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.

^bFound during pathological examination of the resected specimens.