Table 4.

Methylation in OTX2-regulated genes, OTX2 methylation, and intrafamilial adversity predictors of depression in children (N = 157)

PAX6 GEE analysis				WNT1 GEE analysis
Source	Wald χ2	df	p-value	Source	Wald χ2	df	p-value
Age	0.60	1	ns	Age	0.44	1	ns
Sex	1.23	1	ns	Sex	1.19	1	ns
Race	3.29	2	ns	Race	1.12	2	ns
CD34	2.01	1	ns	CD34	1.19	1	ns
CD14	2.26	1	ns	CD14	3.12	1	.077
Buccal	2.14	1	ns	Buccal	.088	1	ns
PC1	7.91	1	.005	PC1	12.47	1	.001
PC2	7.79	1	.005	PC2	8.95	1	.003
PC3	0.45	1	ns	PC3	2.00	1	ns
Intrafamilial adversity	3.99	1	.046	Intrafamilial adversity	4.38	1	.036
OTX2	7.29	1	.007	OTX2	6.46	1	.011
PAX6	4.07	1	.044	WNT1	4.84	1	.028
COL8A GEE analysis				RBP3 GEE analysis
PC1	6.20	1	.013	PC1	4.82	1	.028
PC2	5.99	1	.014	PC2	4.92	1	.027
Intrafamilial adversity	3.56	1	.06	Intrafamilial adversity	5.06	1	.024
OTX2	8.29	1	.004	OTX2	7.11	1	.008
COL8A1	4.21	1	.04	RBP3	6.25	1	.012
SEMA3C GEE analysis				THSB4 GEE analysis
PC1	5.39	1	.02	PC1	5.50	1	.018
PC2	5.30	1	.02	PC2	5.50	1	.019
Intrafamilial adversity	3.65	1	.056	Intrafamilial adversity	4.32	1	.038
OTX2	8.37	1	.004	OTX2	8.44	1	.004
SEMA3C	4.58	1	.032	WNT1	4.32	1	.038

Methylation in OTX2-related genes were significantly associated with depression scores in children after accounting for the effect of experiences of intrafamilial adversity, OTX2 gene methylation, and controlling for relevant covariates

PC principal components, OTX2 orthodenticle homeobox 2, PAX6 paired box six, WNT1 WNT family member 1, COL8A1 collagen type VIII alpha 1 chain, RBP3 retinol-binding protein 3, SEMA3C semaphorin-3C, THBS4 thrombospondin-4