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. 2006 Jan 31;11(1):81–102. doi: 10.3390/11010081

Synthesis of 2,4,6-Tri-substituted-1,3,5-Triazines

Carlos A M Afonso 1,*, Nuno M T Lourenço 2, Andreia de A Rosatella 2
PMCID: PMC6148631  PMID: 17962749

Abstract

Several specific synthetic protocols were developed for the preparation from cyanuric chloride of a range of symmetric and non-symmetric di- and tri-substituted 1,3,5-triazines containing alkyl, aromatic, hindered, chiral and achiral hydroxyalkyl, ester and imidazole groups via sequential nucleophilic substitution of the C-Cl bond by C-O, C-N and C-S bonds.

Keywords: Cyanuric chloride; s-triazine; 1,3,5-triazine; melamine derivatives

Introduction

1,3,5-Triazines (or s-triazines) are a class of compounds well known for a long time, and still continue the object of considerable interest, mainly due to their applications in different fields, including the production of herbicides and polymer photostabilisers [1]. Some 1,3,5-triazines display important biological properties (Figure 1); for example hexamethylmelamine (HMM, 1) and 2-amino- 4-morphlino-s-triazine (2) are used clinically due to their antitumor properties to treat lung breast and ovarian cancer, respectively [2]. Hydroxymethylpentamethylmelamine (HMPMM, 3) is also the hydroxylated metabolite which corresponds to the major active form of HMM [3]. More recently, significant aromatase inhibitory activity were observed for 1,3,5-triazines of general structure 4. For the similar general structure 5 antitumor activity in human cancer and murine leukemia cell lines were observed [3]. The 1,3,5-triazine 6 presents potential use as siderophore (microbial iron shelter) mediated drug [4] and the general structure 7 presents potent corticotrophin-releasing factor1 receptor antagonist activity [5]. The compounds of type 8 show potent activity against leukotriene C4 (LTC4) antagonist, which possess a protective effect on HCl.ethanol-induced gastric lesions [6]. More recently it was discovered that the compound 9 is a potent corticotrophin-releasing factor1 receptor antagonist [7]. Among several other 1,3,5-triazine substituted polyamines tested, the substrate 10 presents a good in vitro activity against the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, the causative organism of Human African Trypanosomasis [8].

Figure 1.

Figure 1

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Select examples of biologically active compounds containing the 1,3,5-triazine unit.

The diverse biological activities observed for different molecules containing the 1,3,5-triazine unit have been further explored in order to discover other new potential molecules through the synthesis of libraries by combinatorial approaches [9]. The 1,3,5-triazine unit has also been used as a key functional group in host-guest chemistry, mainly based on the possibility to generate organized aggregates via the formation of strong three simultaneous hydrogen bonds 11 [10]. Other applications of the 1,3,5-triazine derivatives are: i) as chiral stationary phases, for example, the chiral solvating agent 12 for the determination of enantiomeric excess by NMR spectroscopy [11] and determination of absolute configuration by circular dichroism [12]; ii) for the preparation of luminescent, optical switches and tri-radical cation species in the case of 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine compounds of general structure 13 [13]; iii) as metal complexes, liquid crystals, calixarenes, dendrimers, polymers and optical brighteners for household washing powders 14 [14].

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i001.jpg

The most practical method for the synthesis of substituted 1,3,5-triazines is based on the functionalization of the less expensive reagent cyanuric chloride by successive, controlled nucleophilic substitution of each chloride, taking advantage of the decrease of reactivity with the number of substituents [15] (Scheme 1).

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1

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Ease of chloride substitution on chlorinated 1,3,5-triazines by nucleophiles (Nu): cyanuric chloride >15 > 16.

These reactivity profile has been explored in the synthesis of a large number of 1,3,5-triazines containing different substituents, using combinatorial synthesis [9] and for development of solid phase methodologies [16]. Cyanuric acid has also been used as a versatile reagent for the conversion of alcohols to formates and alkyl chlorides [17], carboxylic acids into 2-oxazolines, acid chlorides, esters, hydroxamic acids, amides [18] and alcohols [19], as an alternative method to classical Swern oxidation [20], N-dimethylation of tertiary amines and in the Beckman rearrangement of oximes [21]. The derivative 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine has also been applied for ester synthesis [22] and as an enantiodifferentiating coupling reagent [23]. Other applications of cyanuric chloride are found in agriculture, the textile industry and the dye chemistry [1,24]. In the case of 1,3,5-triazines containing electron-donating groups, such as the amino group in the positions 2, 4 or 6, a stronger bond is generated which causes more restriction to free rotation [24].

In the course of recent studies on the synthesis of 2,4,6-tri-substituted 1,3,5-triazines containing hindered amines [25], we also developed synthetic procedures which allow the preparation of a range of 1,3,5-triazines containing structurally different groups attached to the 1,3,5-triazine core, namely by substituents with potential coordinating groups. Here we report on the preparation of a series of new 2,4,6-tri-substituted-1,3,5-triazines via sequential substitution of the three chlorides of cyanuric chloride by O-, N- and S- centered nucleophiles.

Results and Discussion

The complete range of 2,4,6-trisubstituted-1,3,5-triazines 18-22 were obtained from cyanuric chloride by sequential substitution of the chloride atom using oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur centered nucleophiles a-y (Scheme 2).

Scheme 2.

Scheme 2

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General synthetic pathway used for the synthesis of 2,4,6-trisubstituted-1,3,5-triazines

The 2,4,6-trialkoxy-1,3,5-triazines 18, were prepared in moderate to high yields (52 - 89 %) by reaction of the corresponding lithium alkoxide with cyanuric chloride (method i, Scheme 3). The introduction of only two amino groups was easily achieved by performing the reaction at ambient temperature (method iii), taking advantage of a considerable decrease of reactivity with the number of substituents. This procedure allowed us to prepare the symmetric 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazines 19 (Scheme 3) in reasonable yields (44 - 98 %). Additionally, reacting the cyanuric chloride firstly with the alkoxide, followed by second addition of the amine group allows the preparation of 2-chloro- 4-alkoxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazines 21 (Scheme 4, methods vi-x). In the case of the addition of the more hindered amines q and r were necessary to use higher temperature (method ix). The addition became even more difficult in the case of the amino group q in the precursor containing the hindered group t-butoxide o. In this case, the disubstituted triazine 21oq was only obtained in 10 % by refluxing the reaction mixture in THF (Scheme 4, method x). A similar approach was used for the preparation of the derivatives 23 containing two different donating groups (amines and thiols) by sequential addition of each amine to cyanuric chloride and control of the reaction temperature (Scheme 5, method vii). However, this approach was unsuccessful for the amine m which contains the free imidazole group.

Scheme 3.

Scheme 3

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Synthesis of 2,4,6-trisubstituted-1,3,5-triazines 18, 19 and 20 from cyanuric chloride.

Scheme 4.

Scheme 4

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Synthesis of alkoxy-1,3,5-triazines 21 and 22 from cyanuric chloride.

Scheme 5.

Scheme 5

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Synthesis of 2,4,6-trisubstituted-1,3,5-triazines 23 from cyanuric chloride by sequential substitution of chlorides.

The substitution of the remaining chloride atom by thio or amino groups required considerably more vigorous conditions. The experimental conditions were optimized for the substrate 19f2. Using the reported conditions (H2O/NH4OH/1,4-dioxane, 120 °C) [26] or the conditions PhSH/i-Pr2NEt/THF, 120 °C no addition of the NH2 or PhS groups were observed respectively. However, in case of the following experimental conditions (PhSH/AgOAc/K2CO3/EtOH/H2O, 140 °C or PhSH/KOH/1,4- dioxane, reflux, method iv) the desired product 20f2k was obtained in 80% and 97% respectively (Scheme 3). These conditions (method iv) allowed us to prepare the triazines 20g2l, 20f2l, 20h2l, 22nps, 22npk and 25pts in high yields (77 - 97 %). The substitution of Cl by the primary amines m and y on the substrate 19g2 and 19x2 was achieved respectively in high (89 %) to moderate (50 %) yields by refluxing solution of 1,4-dioxane or 1,2-dichloroethane in the presence of an excess of the corresponding amine (method v). However, other attempts to react the substrate with more hindered amines as for example secondary amines under the above conditions (method v) were unsuccessful.

Conclusions

The synthetic procedures described here allows the synthesis of a range of symmetric and non-symmetric di- and tri-substituted-1,3,5-triazines containing a range of substituents attach to the triazine core containing asymmetric centers and functional groups such as alkyl, aromatic, including more hindered ones, chiral and non-chiral hydroxyalkyl, ester and imidazole groups.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and FEDER for financial support (Ref. POCTI/QUI/60175/2004 and SFRH/BD/18487/2004) and Prof. W. B. Motherwell for helpful comments and for some laboratory facilities.

Experimental

General

Reagent quality solvents were distilled prior to use. Triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) were distilled from CaH2 (in the case of the amines) and P2O5, respectively. Anhydrous benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and diethyl ether (Et2O) were prepared by distillation from sodium/benzophenone ketyl under argon. Column chromatography was performed using Silica gel 60 MN and aluminium-backed silica gel Merck 60 F254 plates was used for analytical TLC. Melting points (uncorrected) were determined on a Electrothermal Mod. IA 6304 capillary melting point apparatus. Microanalyses were carried out at ITQB (Portugal) using a Carlo Erba analyser. Mass spectra (MS) and accurate masses (HRMS) were obtained from the Mass Spectrometry Services, School of Pharmacy, University of London and University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Infrared spectra (IR) were recorded on a Buck Scientific Mod. 500 and Jasco FT/IR-430 spectrophotometers. 1H- and 13C-NMR were recorded on a Bruker ARX 400 spectrometer. Chemical shifts are reported as δ values relative to tetramethylsilane (δH = 0 ppm), CDCl3 (δC = 77.0). Due to the occurrence of hindered rotation for some triazines [24], for some examples the NMR were performed at higher temperatures. All coupling constants are given in Hz. Observed rotations at the Na-D line were measured at 25°C using a Optical Activity polarimeter Mod. AA-1000.

Typical procedures: Method i): n-Butyllithium (1.2 mL, 1.0 M, 1.2 mmol) was added dropwise (3 min.) to a stirred solution of (S)-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl prolinol [27] (237.8 mg, 1.18 mmol) in anhydrous THF (11 mL) at 0 °C under argon. After 3 min. a solution of cyanuric chloride (70.5 mg, 0.38 mmol) in anhydrous THF (2 mL) was added dropwise via cannula (4 min.) and the reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature. After 14 hr the mixture was partitioned between diethyl ether (30 mL) and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (30 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with Et2O (2 x 30 mL), the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, evaporated to dryness and purified by flash chromatography (7:3 hexane/Et2O) to afford 18a3 (229.7 mg, 89 %) as a white solid; [α]25D = -93.10 (c 1.1, CHCl3); νmax (film)/cm−1 2974, 2928, 2883, 1696 (CO), 1566, 1401, 1323, 1253, 1168, 1134, 907, 816, 770. 736; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 1.45 (9H, s t-Bu), 1.9-2.0 (4H, m), 3.39 (2H, br, CH2N), 4.1-4.6 (3H, m, CHN and CH2O); δC (CDCl3) 22.79, 23.64, 27.95, 28.42, 28.68, 46.37, 46.75, 55.46, 67.98, 68.19, 79.36, 79.65, 154.4, 173; m/z (FAB) 679 (M+), 579, 496, 396, 313, 239; HRMS calcd. for C33H55N6O9: 679.4031, found: 679.4035.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i002.jpg

18c3: Purified by flash chromatography (hexane/Et2O 1:1); white spongy solid; [α]25D = +94.5 (c 0.7, CHCl3); νmax (film)/cm−1 3088, 3071, 3037, 2974, 2940, 2883, 2855, 2804, 1571, 1497, 1458, 1400, 1350, 1327, 1140, 912, 822, 736, 702; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 0.82 (3H, d J 6.8, 3-H), 2.06 (3H, s, NMe), 3.26 (1H, dt J 8.8 and 6.8, 2-H), 3.52 (1H, d J 14, CH2Ph), 3.60 (1H, d J 14, CH2Ph), 5.98 (1H, d J 8.8, 1-H), 7.1-7.5 (10H, m, Ph); δC (CDCl3) 11.6, 36.6, 58.7, 62.0, 80.9, 126.3, 127.5, 127.8, 128.0, 128.1, 128.3, 139.1, 139.9, 172.5; m/z (FAB) 842 (MH2+), 694, 661, 238, 148; HRMS calcd. for C54H61N6O3: 841.4805, found: 841.4808.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i003.jpg

18d3: Purified by flash chromatography (hexane/Et2O 6:4); white solid; νmax (film)/cm−1 3093, 3065, 3031, 2985, 2951, 2889, 2855, 2804, 1571, 1554, 1497, 1452, 1401, 1344, 1134, 912, 822, 736, 702; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 1.08 (3H, d J 6.8, 3-H), 2.12 (3H, s, NMe), 3.10 (1H, quint. J 6.8, 2-H), 3.45 (1H, d J 12.6, CH2Ph), 3.50 (1H, d J 12.6, CH2Ph), 5.92 (1H, d J 6.4, 1-H), 6.97-7.29 (10H, m, Ph); δC (CDCl3) 9.47, 37.41, 58.45, 62.03, 80.3, 126.6, 126.7, 127.4, 128.0, 128.4, 139.6, 140.0, 172.5; m/z (FAB) 841 (MH+), 254, 238, 148, 91; HRMS calcd. for C54H61N6O3: 841.4805, found: 841.4803.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i004.jpg

18e3 [33]: Purified by flash chromatography (ethyl acetate/ethanol 8:2); colorless viscous liquid; νmax (film)/cm−1 3076, 3077, 2963, 2849, 2804, 1571, 1458, 1418, 1384, 1338, 1247, 1154, 1049, 1032, 822, 736, 702; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 2.30 (3H, s, NMe), 2.81 (2H, t J 5.9, 2-H), 3.58 (2H, s, CH2Ph), 4.48 (2H, t J 5.9, 1-H), 7.21-7.29 (5H, m, Ph); δC (CDCl3) 42.5, 54.9, 62.3, 65.9, 126.8, 128.0, 128.71, 138.5, 172.6; m/z (FAB) 571 (MH+), 477, 422, 299, 285, 275; HRMS calcd. for C33H43N6O3: 571.3397, found: 571.3390.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i005.jpg

Method ii): To the triazine 18a3 (229.7 mg, 0.34 mmol) at 0 °C was added trifluoracetic acid (2 ml) and the mixture was stirred for 20 min. The acid was evaporated under vacuum and the residue was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (40 mL) and was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (25 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 x 20 mL), the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, evaporated to dryness and purified by flash chromatography on neutral alumina (ethanol) to afford 18b3 (95.6 mg, 75 %) as a white solid; [α]25D = -114.2 (c 2.5, CHCl3); νmax (film)/cm−1 3390 (NH), 2955, 2875, 1568, 1531, 1455, 1345, 1045, 808; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 1.5-2.0 (12H, m), 2.9-3.0 (2H, m), 3.4-3.8 (10H, m),4.2-4.3 (6H, m); m/z (FAB) 378 (M+), 348, 322, 296, 263, 228, 198; HRMS calcd. for C18H31N6O3: 379.2458, found: 379.2453.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i006.jpg

Method iii): To a stirred solution of (1S,2S)-pseudoephedrine (3.003 g, 18.17 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (3.32 mL, 19.04 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (80 mL) at 0 °C under argon, was added via cannula (6 min.) a solution of cyanuric chloride (1.595 g, 8.65 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (32 mL) and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. After 14 hr the mixture was partitioned between CH2Cl2 (50 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride (100 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with CH2Cl2 (70 mL), the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, evaporated to dryness and purified by flash chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate 7:3) to afford 19g2 (3.67 g, 96 %) as a white spongy solid; [α]25D = +182.2 (c 1.0, CHCl3); νmax (film)/cm−1 3428 (OH), 3099, 3076, 3048, 2997, 2951, 2895, 1571, 1492, 1406, 1304, 1202, 1151, 1049, 975, 799, 759, 702; δH (400 MHz; DMSO-d6, 100 °C) 0.99 (3H, d J 5.6, 3-H), 2.99 (3H, s, NMe), 4.68 (1H, br s), 4.89 (1H, br s), 5.02 (1H, br s), 7.2-7.4 (5H, m, Ar); δC (DMSO-d6, 100 °C) 13.5, 28.7, 55.2, 73.8, 126.3, 126.6, 127.3, 142.9, 164.4; m/z (FAB) 442 (MH+), 424, 334, 316, 290, 228, 200; HRMS calcd. for C23H29N5O2Cl: 442.2010, found: 442.2015.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i007.jpg

19f2: Purified by flash chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate 7:3); white spongy solid; [α]25D = -150.1 (c 1.0, CHCl3); νmax (film)/cm−1 3394 (OH), 3088, 3064, 3031, 2985, 2940, 2877, 1548, 1463, 1384, 1293, 1191, 1032, 963, 782; δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 95 °C) 1.07 (3H, d J 7.0, CHMe), 2.84 (3H, s, NMe), 4.62 (1H, br s), 4.75 (1H, br s), 7.01-7.12 (3H, m, Ph), 7.27 (2H, d J 6.8, Ph); m/z (FAB) 442 (MH+), 424, 406, 379, 334, 316; HRMS calcd. for C23H29N5O2Cl: 442.2010, found: 442.2013.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i008.jpg

19h2: Purified by flash chromatography (hexane/Et2O 6:4); needles; m.p. 138-140 °C (EtOH); [α]25D = -258.6 (c 1.1, CHCl3); νmax (film)/cm−1 3411 (OH), 3095, 3062, 2985, 2891, 1556, 1490, 1344, 1299, 1147, 1020, 800, 762, 700; δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 95 °C) 0.94 (1H, br s), 1.19 (1H, br s), 1.71 (1H, m), 1.80 (1H, br s), 3.08 (1H, br s), 3.64 (1H, dd J 8.0, 18.0), 5.06 (1H, br s), 7.02-7.12 (6H, m), 7.34-7.45 (4H, m); m/z (FAB) 618 (MH+), 600, 582, 522, 434, 416; HRMS calcd. for C37H37N5O2Cl: 618.2636, found: 618.2636.

19i2: Purified by flash chromatography (ethyl acetate); colorless viscous liquid; νmax (film)/cm−1 3368 (OH), 2936, 2875, 1568, 1520, 1489, 1403, 1310, 1204, 1043, 999, 970, 860, 798; δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 95 °C) 2.83 (3H, s, NMe), 3.33 (2H, t J 4.7), 3.45 (2H, t J 4.7); m/z (FAB) 262 (MH+), 244, 230, 218, 180, 154; HRMS calcd. for C9H17N5O2Cl: 262.1071, found: 262.1080.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i009.jpg

19j2: Purified by flash chromatography (Et2O/hexane 1:1); white cubes; m.p. 38-39 °C (hexane); νmax (film)/cm−1 2985, 2940, 2895, 2832, 1571, 1492, 1406, 1316, 1202, 1117, 1054, 997, 969, 799; δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 95°C) 2.95 (3H, s, NMe), 3.07 (3H, s, OMe), 3.32 (2H, t J 5.5), 3.52 (2H, t J 5.5); m/z (FAB) 289 (M+), 237, 219, 205, 197, 180; m/z (FAB) 290 (MH+), 258, 244, 231, 214, 200; HRMS calcd. for C11H21N5O2Cl: 290.1384, found: 290.1370; Anal. calcd. for C11H20N5O2Cl: H 6.96 C 45.6 N 24.17 %. Found: H 6.71 C 45.85 N 24.12 %.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i010.jpg

19x2 [28]: Recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexane; white solid m.p 151-153°C; νmax (NaCl )/cm−1; 3248, 3108, 2954, 2877, 1635, 1558, 1411, 1119, 794; δH (400MHz; CDCl3), 3.34 (3H, s OMe), 3.51 (2H, d, J=4 CH2CH2OMe), 3.59 (2H, d, J=4 CH2CH2OMe); δC (CDCl3) 40.60, 58.81, 70.67, 165,54; m/z (CI) 262, (MH+); HRMS calcd. for C9H17ClN5O2: 262.107, found: 262.106.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i011.jpg

Method iv): A stirred mixture of 2-imidazol-1-yl-ethanethiol (l) [29] (204.4 mg, 0.92 mmol; contaminated with imidazole (43 %)), triazine 19g2 (202.6 mg, 0.46 mmol) and KOH (56.6 mg, 1.00 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1.5 mL) under argon was refluxed during 1 hr (formation of white precipitate). The mixture was partitioned between CH2Cl2 (20 mL) and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (25 ml). The aqueous phase was extracted with CH2Cl2 (2 x 20 mL), the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, evaporated to dryness and purified by flash chromatography (Et2O/ethanol 9.5:0.5) to afford 20g2l (233.9 mg, 96 %) as a white spongy solid; [α]25D = +140.7 (c 1.0, CHCl3); νmax (film)/cm−1 3338 (OH), 3190 (OH), 3116, 3065, 3037, 2985, 2940, 2877, 1548, 1497, 1401, 1310, 1265, 1208, 1077, 1049, 1026, 975, 918, 804, 736, 702; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3, 50 °C) 1.08 (6H, d J 6.9, CHMe), 3.07 (6H, s, NMe), 3.41 (2H, dq J 8.4 and 6.9, CHMe), 4.29 (2H, t J 7.1), 4.69 (2H, d J 8.4), 4.93 (2H, br s), 6.95 (1H, s), 7.03 (1H, s), 7.29-7.35 (10 H, m, Ph), 7.50 (1H, s); δC (CDCl3, 50 °C) 14.4, 29.5, 30.5, 46.7, 56.8, 76.2, 118.7, 126.7, 126.8, 127.6, 128.2, 129.0, 136.9, 142.4, 164.2; m/z (FAB) 534 (MH+), 516, 486, 466, 448, 426; HRMS calcd. for C28H36N7O2S: 534.2651 found: 534.2650.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i012.jpg

20f2k: Purified by flash chromatography (hexane/Et2O 6:4); white solid; [α]25D = -156.5 (c 0.9, CHCl3); νmax (film)/cm−1 3401 (OH), 2927, 1542, 1492, 1399, 1304, 1264, 1208, 1175, 1050, 980, 803, 738, 702; δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 95 °C) 1.03 (6H, d J 6.0, CHCH3), 2.34 (2H, br s), 2.78 (6H, s, NMe), 4.61 (4H, br s), 7.0-7.6 (15H, m, Ph); m/z (FAB) 516 (MH+), 498, 453, 408, 382; HRMS calcd. for C29H34N5O2S: 516.2433, found: 516.2436.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i013.jpg

20f2l: Purified by flash chromatography (Et2O/ethanol 9.5:0.5); white spongy solid; [α]25D = -136.7 (c 1.0, CHCl3); νmax (film)/cm−1 3368 (OH), 3109, 3056, 2981, 2928, 2875, 1543, 1494, 1399, 1309, 1266, 1208, 1080, 1052, 981, 803, 736, 702; δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 95 °C) 1.13 (6H, d J 6.0, CHCH3), 2.82 (2H, br s), 2.88 (6H, s, NMe), 3.14 (2H, q J 6.0, CHMe), 3.68 (2H, br s), 4.74 (2H, br s), 4.89 (2H, br s), 6.57 (1H, s), 6.9-7.1 (11H, m), 7.33 (1H, s); m/z 534 (MH+), 516, 466, 426, 358, 318; HRMS calcd. for C28H36N7O2S: 534.2651, found: 534.2649.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i014.jpg

20h2l: Purified by flash chromatography (ethyl acetate/petroleum ether 40:60); white plates; m.p. 132-134 °C (ethanol/diethyl ether); [α]25D = -245.4 (c 1.0, CHCl3); νmax (nujol)/cm−1 3200 (OH), 1534, 1339, 1232, 1110, 1075, 1047, 1025, 916, 803, 762, 732, 702; δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 95 °C) 1.07 (4H, br s), 1.7-1.9 (4H, m), 2.8-3.1 (4H, m), 3.65 (4H, br s), 5.12 (2H, br s), 6.47 (1H, s), 7.0-7.2 (13H, m), 7.37-7.42 (9H, m); m/z 710 (MH+), 692, 675, 607, 526, 508, 440; HRMS calcd. for C42H44N7O2S: 710.3277, found: 710.3279.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i015.jpg

22nps: Purified by flash chromatography (hexane/CH2Cl2 7:3); colorless viscous liquid; νmax (film)/cm−1 3061, 2973, 2933, 2872, 1568, 1504, 1456, 1410, 1364, 1298, 1225, 1194, 1081, 1036, 918, 807, 701, 664; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 1.13, 1.17 (3H, t J 7.0, Et), 3.10, 3.13 (3H, s, NMe), 3.63, 3.65 (2H, q J 7.0, Et), 3.93 (3H, s, OMe), 4.36, 4.37 (2H, s, CH2Ph), 7.21-7.31 (3H, m, Ph), 7.40 (2H, d J 7.4, Ph); δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 56 °C) 0.87 (3H, br, Et), 2.76 (3H, s, NMe), 3.55 (2H, br, Et), 3.63 (3H, s, OMe), 4.25 (2H, s, CH2Ph), 7.0-7.1 (3H, m, Ph), 7.27-7.30 (2H, m, Ph).

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i016.jpg

25pts: Purified by flash chromatography (hexane/Et2O 9.5:0.5); νmax (film)/cm−1 3024, 2971, 2928, 2865, 1547, 1500, 1398, 1310, 1214, 1192, 1050, 1005; δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 95 °C) 0.95 (3H, t J 7.0, CH2CH3), 2.84 (6H, s, NMe2), 2.86 (3H, s, NMe), 3.42 (2H, q J 7.0, CH2CH3), 4.30 (2H, s, CH2Ph), 6.86-7.08 (3H, Ph), 7.31 (2H, d J 7.6, Ph).

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i017.jpg

22npk: Purified by flash chromatography (CH2Cl2/hexane 6:4); colorless viscous liquid; νmax (film)/cm−1 3060, 2930, 2870, 1560, 1507, 1459, 1410, 1364, 1296, 1228, 1196, 1081, 1036, 916, 807, 748, 690; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 0.93, 1.11 (3H, t J 7.0, Et), 2.89, 3.03 (3H, s, NMe), 3.31, 3.56 (2H, q J 7.0, Et), 3.82, 3.84 (3H, s, OMe), 7.37 (3H, br s, Ph), 7.58 (2H, br s, Ph); δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 76 °C) 0.80 (3H, br s, Et), 2.69 (3H, br s, NMe), 3.14, 3.25 (2H, br s, Et), 3.55 (3H, s, OMe), 6.96-7.06 (3H, m, Ph), 7.49-7.50 (2H, m, Ph).

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i018.jpg

Method v): A stirred solution of triazine 19g2 (270.5 mg, 0.61 mmol) and 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole (0.37 mL, 3.06 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) under argon was refluxed during 21 hr. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (Et2O/ethanol 9:1) to afford 20g2m (289.5 mg, 89 %) as a clear viscous oil, [α]25D = +173.4 (c 1.1, CHCl3); νmax (film)/cm−1 3366 (NH), 3088, 3048, 2997, 2957, 2895, 1537, 1406, 1378, 1134, 1083, 1054, 918, 822, 759, 736, 702; δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 95 °C) 1.01 (6H, q J 6.8, CHCH3), 1.54 (2H, quintet J 6.8, CH2), 2.94 (6H, s, NMe), 3.05-3.08 (2H, m, CH2N), 3.39 (2H, t J 6.8, CH2N), 4.54 (1H, br), 4.63 (2H, d J 8.0, CHOH), 4.86 (2H, quintet J 6.8, CHN), 6.47 (1H, s), 6.96-7.35 (12H, m); m/z (FAB) 531 (MH2+), 513, 463, 423, 405, 355, 337; HRMS calcd. for C29H39N8O2: 531.3196, found: 531.3192.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i019.jpg

20x2y [30,31]: Purified by flash chromatography (4:6 to 9:1 ethyl acetate/hexane), yellow liquid; νmax (NaCl )/cm−1; 3356, 2931, 2850, 1627, 1573, 1527, 1450, 1265, 1033; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 1.15-1.26 (15 H, m, NH2CH2CH2(CH2)6CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3), 1.51 (4H, br, CH2CO2Et / NH2CH2), 2.27 (2H, t, J=8, CH2CO2Et), 3.04 (2H, m, NH2CH2), 3.35 (6H, bs, OCH3), 3.52 (8H, m, CH2CH2OMe), 4.11 (2H, q, J= 8, -CO2CH2CH3); δC (CDCl3) 14.21, 24.93, 26.83, 29.08, 29.18, 29.26, 29.33, 29.43, 29.57, 34.34, 40.42, 40.73, 58.75, 60.10, 71.24, 164.42, 173.87; m/z (CI) 455 (MH+), 453, 423; HRMS calcd. for C22H43N6O4: 455.334, found: 455.333.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i020.jpg

Method vi): To a stirred solution of anhydrous methanol (0.23 mL, 5.77 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 mL) at room temperature under argon was added sodium hydride (277 mg, 50 % oil dispersion, 5.77 mmol). After 2.5 hr the mixture was refluxed for 15 min., cooled to 0 °C, added at once cyanuric chloride (532 mg, 2.89 mmol) and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 2hr. Diisopropylethylamine (0.60 mL, 3.46 mmol) and 2-(methylamino)ethanol (0.26 mL, 3.17 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred for 2.5 days. The mixture was partitioned between Et2O (70 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride (70 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with Et2O (2 x 70 mL), the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, evaporated to dryness and purified by flash chromatography (Et2O/ethyl acetate 1:1 to 0:1) to afford in order of elution 21ni (173.3 mg, 28 %) as white solid; and 24n2i (245.7 mg, 40 %) as a white solid;

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i021.jpg

21ni: White needles; m.p. 141-142 °C (ethyl acetate/hexane); νmax (film)/cm−1 3364 (OH), 3234 (OH), 3008, 2960, 2875, 1606, 1508, 1416, 1373, 1292, 1205, 1068, 1028, 799; δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 95 ° C) 2.80 (3H, s, NMe), 3.27 (2H, br s), 3.36 (2H, m), 3.57 (3H, s, OMe); m/z (FAB) 219 (MH+), 201, 187, 154, 136, 107; HRMS calcd. for C7H12N4O2Cl: 219.0649, found: 219.0660; Anal. calcd. for C7H11N4O2Cl: H 5.07 C 38.45 N 25.62 %. Found: H 4.82 C 38.45 N 25.45 %.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i022.jpg

24n2i: White needles; m.p. 80.5-81 °C (ethyl acetate/hexane); νmax (film)/cm−1 3185 (OH), 3003, 2955, 2870, 1612, 1544, 1469, 1360, 1310, 1239, 1136, 1058, 808; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 2.84 (3H, s, NMe), 3.33 (2H, t J 5.2), 3.54 (2H, br s), 3.62 (3H, OMe), 3.65 (3H, s, OMe); m/z (FAB) 215 (MH+), 183, 169, 154, 136; HRMS calcd. for C8H15N4O3: 215.1144, found: 215.1160; Anal. calcd. for C8H14N4O3: H 6.59 C 44.85 N 26.15 %. Found: H 6.88 C 44.90 N 26.88 %.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i023.jpg

Method vii): To a stirred solution of cyanuric chloride (204.6 mg, 1.11 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (0.43 ml, 2.44 mmol) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (11 mL) at 0 °C under argon, was added dropwise (3 min.) 2-(methylamino)ethanol (89 μL, 1.11 mmol) [32]. After 15 min. the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, stirred for 45 min and was added dropwise via cannula a solution of (2-methoxy-ethyl)methylamine (j) [33] (1.11 mmol) in ethanol (6 mL) [34]. After 18 hr the solvent was evaporated to dryness and purified by flash chromatography (hexane/Et2O 1:1); to afford 23ij (244 mg, 80 %) as a viscous colorless liquid; νmax (film)/cm−1 3417 (OH), 2940, 2883, 1577, 1492, 1401, 1310, 1202, 1117, 1049, 998, 969, 799; δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 95 °C) 2.85 (3H, s), 2.93 (3H, s), 3.06 (3H, s), 3.30-3.34 (4H, m), 3.47 (4H, t J 4.7); m/z (FAB) 276 (MH+), 258, 244, 230, 217, 200 149; HRMS calcd. for C10H19N5O2Cl: 276.1227, found: 276.1220.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i024.jpg

23it: Purified by flash chromatography (Et2O/hexane 6:4); white plates; m.p. 101.5-102 °C (diethyl ether / hexane); νmax (film)/cm−1 3400 (OH), 2938, 1574, 1526, 1489, 1402, 1310, 1203, 1045, 993, 861, 841, 798; δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 84°C) 2.93 (6H, s, NMe2), 3.05 (3H, s, NMe), 3.54 (2H, br s, CH2N), 3.68 (2H, br s, CH2OH); m/z (FAB) 232 (MH+), 214, 200, 186, 154, 136; HRMS calcd. for C8H15N5OCl: 232.0965, found: 232.0960; Anal. calcd. for C8H14N5OCl: H 6.09 C 41.47 N 30.23 %. Found: H 6.02 C 41.46 N 30.32 %.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i025.jpg

23jt: Purified by flash chromatography (Et2O/hexane 6:4); white plates; m.p. 51-53 °C (hexane); νmax (film)/cm−1 2940, 2883, 2832, 1571, 1520, 1492, 1395, 1304, 1196, 1111, 1054, 992, 969, 839, 793; δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8) 2.59, 2.62 (3H, s, NMe), 2.72 (3H, s, NMe), 2.91, 2.93 (3H, s, NMe), 2.98, 3.02 (3H, s, OMe), 3.24 (2H, t J 5.2, CH2N), 3.41, 3.49 (2H, t J 5.2, CH2OMe); m/z (FAB) 246 (MH+), 230, 214, 200, 187; HRMS calcd. for C9H17N5OCl: 246.1122, found: 246.1110.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i026.jpg

21np: Purified by flash chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexane 9:1); white needles; m.p. 62-62.5°C (hexane); νmax (film)/cm−1 2974, 2930, 1571, 1497, 1372, 1293, 1032; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 1.19 (3H, 3 J 7.1, NCH2CH3), 3.14, 3.16 (3H, s, NMe), 3.66 (2H, quint J 7.2, NCH2CH3), 3.96 (3H, s, OMe); m/z (FAB) 203 (MH+), 187, 173, 154, 136, 110; HRMS calcd. for C7H12N4OCl: 203.0700, found: 203.0720; Anal. calcd. for C7H11N4OCl: H 5.47 C 41.49 N 27.65 %. Found: H 5.64 C 41.81 N 28.03 %.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i027.jpg

23pt: Purified by flash chromatography (Et2O/hexane 9.4:0.6); white solid (7°C); νmax (film)/cm−1 2974, 2934, 2877, 1577, 1497, 1406, 1316, 1202, 1054, 1003, 969, 941, 844, 804; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 1.11 (3H, t J 7.0, CH2CH3), 3.04, 3.06, 3.09 (9H, s), 3.57 (2H, quint J 7.0, CH2CH3), δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 95 °C) 0.91 (3H, t J 6.4, CH2CH3), 2.77 (6H, s, NMe2), 2.97 (3H, s, NMe), 3.34 (2H, br s, CH2CH3);

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i028.jpg

23ps: Purified by flash chromatography (hexane/CH2Cl2 1:1); white plates; m.p. 47.5-48 °C (hexane); νmax (film)/cm−1 3031, 2974, 2929, 2877, 1577, 1475, 1412, 1344, 1327, 1236, 1168, 1032, 912, 850, 793, 736; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 1.14, 1.18 (3H, t J 7.0, Et), 3.128, 3.135 (3H, s, NMe); 0.64 (2H, q J 7.0, Et), 4.33, 4.35 (2H, s, CH2Ph), 7.25-7.33 (3H, m, Ph), 7.39 (2H, d J 7.0 Ph); m/z (FAB) 295 (MH+), 279, 261, 243, 217, 205, 169; HRMS calcd. for C13H16N4SCl: 295.0784, found: 295.0770; Anal. calcd. for C13H15N4SCl: H 5.13 C 52.97 N 19 %. Found: H 5.18 C 52.98 N 19.00%.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i029.jpg

23pu: Purified by flash chromatography (hexane/CH2Cl2 1:1 to 0:1); prisms; m.p. 44-45 °C (hexane); νmax (film)/cm−1 2974, 2877, 1566, 1412, 1350, 1321, 1300, 1191, 1168, 1009, 969, 827, 804; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 1.14 (3H, t J 7.0, Et), 1.93 (4H, br s, (CH2)2), 3.08, 3.09 (3H, s, NMe), 3.52-3.61 (4H, m, NCH2), 3.56 (2H, q J 7.0, Et); δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 50 °C) 0.94 (3H, br s, Et), 1.43 (4H, br s, (CH2)2), 2.82 (3H, br s, NMe), 3.23 (2H, br s), 3.33-3.39 (4H, m); m/z (FAB) 242 (MH+), 226, 212, 200; HRMS calcd. for C10H17N5Cl: 242.1172, found: 242.1160. Anal. calcd. for C10H16N5Cl: H 6.67 C 49.69 N 28.97 %. Found: H 6.94 C 49.71 N 29.50 %.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i030.jpg

23qv: Purified by flash chromatography (hexane/CH2Cl2 6:4); white plates; m.p. 145.5-146 °C (cyclohexane); νmax (film)/cm−1 3417 (NH), 3264 (NH), 3065, 3025, 2974, 2929, 1577, 1509, 1395, 1287, 1168, 975, 907, 804, 731, 702; δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 95 °C) 1.11 (9H, s, t-Bu), 2.54 (3H, s, NMe), 6.27 (1H, s, NH), 6.95-7.21 (15H, m, Ph); m/z (FAB) 458 (MH+), 401, 380, 324, 243; HRMS calcd. for C27H29N5Cl: 458.2111, found: 458.2130; Anal. calcd. for C27H28N5Cl: H 6.16 C 70.81 N 15.29 %. Found: H 6.21 C 70.81 N 15.29 %.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i031.jpg

23xy [28]: Recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexane, yellow solid m.p 114-116°C; νmax (NaCl )/cm−1; 3247, 3109, 2931, 2854, 1735, 1643, 15558, 1411, 1119; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 1.18-1.22 (15 H, m, NH2CH2CH2(CH2)6CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3), 1.55 (4H, br, CH2CO2Et / NH2CH2), 2.23 (2H, t, J=8 CH2CO2Et), 3.36-3.30 (5H, m NH2CH2 / OCH3), 3.49 (2H, t, J=4 CH2CH2OMe), 3.57 (2H, t, J=4 CH2CH2OMe), 4.07 (2H, q, J= 8 -CO2CH2CH3); δC (CDCl3) 14.12, 24.82, 26.71, 28.97, 29.09, 29.22, 29.33, 34.22, 40.43, 40.79, 58.68, 60.00, 70.67, 165,44, 167.74, 173.72; m/z (CI) 416 (MH+), 380; HRMS calcd. for C19H35ClN5O3: 416.242, found: 416.244.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i032.jpg

Method viii): To a stirred solution of t-Butyl-alcohol (294 μL, 3.08 mmol) in anhydrous hexane (2 mL) under argon at room temperature was added dropwise n-butyllithium (2.37 mL, 3.08 mmol, 1.3 M). The above mixture was added dropwise via cannula to a stirred solution of cyanuric chloride (567.5 mg, 3.08 mmol) in anhydrous THF (20 mL) under argon at room temperature. After 20 min diisopropylethylamine (590 μL, 3.39 mmol) and N-ethylmethylamine (264 μL, 3.08 mmol) were added. After 2.5 days the mixture was partitioned between CH2Cl2 (40 mL) and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (30 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with CH2Cl2 (2 x 30 mL), the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, evaporated to dryness and purified by flash chromatography (hexane/CH2Cl2 7:3 to 1:1) to afford 21op (413.2 mg, 55 %) as a viscous colorless liquid; νmax (film)/cm−1 2980, 2940, 1571, 1293, 1168, 1077, 998, 941, 804; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 1.18 (3H, t J 7.0, Et), 1.59, 1.60 (9H, s, OCMe3), 3.11, 3.14 (3H, s, NMe), 3.62, 3.65 (2H, q J 7.0, Et); δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8, 67 °C) 0.83 (3H, t J 7.2, Et), 1.45 (9H, s, OCMe3), 2.70 (3H, s, NMe), 3.25 (2H, br , Et); m/z (FAB) 245 (MH+), 227, 212, 189; HRMS calcd. for C10H18N4OCl: 245.1169, found: 245.1150.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i033.jpg

Method ix: To a stirred solution of cyanuric chloride (158.1 mg, 0.86 mmol), DMAP (catalytic amount) and diisopropylethylamine (493 μL, 2.83 mmol) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (8 mL) at room temperature under argon, was added dropwise anhydrous methanol (35 μL, 0.86 mmol). After 2.5 hr 5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-dibenzo[b,f]azoic hydro-chloride (232 mg, 0.94 mmol) was added at once and the mixture was refluxed during 14 hr. The solvent was evaporated to dryness and purified by flash chromatography (hexane/CH2Cl2 4:6 to 3:7) to afford 21nr (273.6 mg, 91 %) as white cubes; m.p. 163-164 °C (cyclohexane); νmax (film)/cm−1 3065, 3025, 2963, 2940, 1566, 1509, 1378, 1293, 1225, 1066, 1043, 975, 816, 770, 736; δH (400 MHz; toluene-d8) 2.82-2.89 (2H, m), 3.04-3.14 (2H, m), 3.68, 4.05 (3H, s, OMe), 4.39 (1H, d J 15.0), 5.86 (1H, t J 15.0), 7.04-7.19 (8H, m, Ar); m/z (FAB) 353 (MH+), 337, 317, 259, 231, 206; HRMS calcd. for C19H18N4OCl: 353.1169, found: 353.1150; Anal. calcd. for C19H17N4OCl: H 4.86 C 64.68 N 15.88 %. Found: H 4.83 C 64.67 N 15.84 %.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i034.jpg

21nq: Purified by flash chromatography (CH2Cl2/hexane 7:3); colorless needles; m.p. 156-157 °C (hexane); νmax (film)/cm−1 3406 (NH), 3258 (NH), 3093, 3059, 3031, 1566, 1475, 1395, 1372, 1293, 1270, 1202, 1111, 1060, 1037, 816, 742, 702; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 3.23 (3H, s, OMe), 6.91 (1H, s, NH), 7.24 (15H, br s, Ph); m/z (FAB) 403 (MH+), 325, 243; HRMS calcd. for C23H20N4OCl: 403.1326, found: 403.1310; Anal. calcd. for C23H19N4OCl: H 4.75 C 68.57 N 13.91 %. Found: H 4.75 C 68.59 N 13.97 %.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i035.jpg

Method x: To a stirred solution of t-Butyl alcohol (77.5 μL, 0.81 mmol) in anhydrous hexane (2 mL) under argon at room temperature was added dropwise n-butyllithium (570 μL, 0.81 mmol, 1.4 M). The above mixture was added dropwise via cannula to a stirred solution of cyanuric chloride (149.5 mg, 0.81 mmol) in anhydrous THF (8 mL) under argon at room temperature. After 20 min was added DMAP (catalytic amount), diisopropylethylamine (169 μL, 0.97 mmol) and triethylamine (231 mg, 0.81 mmol) and the mixture was refluxed during 5 days. The mixture was partitioned between Et2O (25 mL) and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (25 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with diethyl ether (2 x 25 mL), the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, evaporated to dryness, purified by flash chromatography (hexane/dichloromethane 1:1) and preparative TLC (hexane/ethyl acetate 9:1) to afford 21oq (35.3 mg, 10 %) as a slightly yellow spongy solid, νmax (film)/cm−1 3406 (NH), 3247 (NH), 3088, 3065, 3031, 2963, 2934, 2872, 1554, 1441, 1293, 1168, 1060, 1036, 986, 912, 815, 736, 702; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 0.94 (9H, s, t-Bu), 6.87 (1H, s, NH), 7.07-7.26 (15H, m, Ph); m/z (FAB) 445 (MH+), 388, 367, 311, 289, 275, 259; HRMS calcd. for C26H26N4OCl: 445.1795, found: 445.1780; Anal. calcd. for C26H25N4OCl: H 5.66 C 70.18 N 12.59 %. Found: H 5.68 C 70.09 N 12.30 %.

graphic file with name molecules-11-00081-i036.jpg

Footnotes

Sample Availability: Available from the authors.

References and Notes

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  • 29.Preparation of 2-imidazol-1-yl-ethanethiol (l): To a reflux solution of imidazole (9.002 g, 132.2 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (120 mL) was added a solution of ethylene sulfide (2.6 mL, 44.0 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (50 mL) during 21 hr and was refluxed for more 2 hr. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was diluted with diethyl ether (50 mL) and cooled to -6 °C (formation of solid). The mixture was filtered, washed the solid with Et2O (20 mL) and the combined liquid fractions were evaporated to dryness and purified by distillation; b.p. 90 - 94 °C/ 0.04 mmHg, to give 7.381 g of a 1.3:1.0 mixture (by 1H-NMR) of 2-imidazol-1-yl-ethanethiol (l) and imidazole as a clear colourless oil; νmax (film)/cm−1 3110, 3037, 2940, 2840, 2701, 2616, 1509, 1446, 1327, 1293, 1225, 1111, 1072, 1066, 929, 907, 827, 748, 663; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 1.36 (1H, br s, SH), 2.87 (2H, t J 6.6, CH2S), 4.15 (2H, t J 6.6), 6.96 (1H, s), 7.11 (1H, s), 7.55 (1H, s); m/z (EI) 128 (M+), 101, 81, 69, 61; HRMS calcd. for C5H8N2S: 128.0408, found: 128.0410.
  • 30.Ethyl 11-aminoundecanoate [31] (1 eq), triethylamine (1 eq) in 1,2-dichloroethane (reflux, 24 hr) was used.
  • 31.Preparation of ethyl 11-aminoundecanoate (y): To a suspension of 11-aminoundecanoic acid (0,017 mol, 3.5g ) in absolute ethanol (60 mL) was added concentrated sulphuric acid (0.020 mol, 1.12 mL). The resulting white solution was heated at reflux overnight, cooled 0°C and neutralized with aqueous saturated bicarbonate solution. The precipitated product was then collected by filtration, washed with cold water, and recrystallized from aqueous ethanol to give ethyl 11- aminoundecanoate (y, 2.4g, 58 %), m. p. 65 °C; νmax (NaCl)/cm−1; 3332, 2924, 2854, 1736, 1566, 1473, 1180; δH (400 MHz; DMSO-d6) 1.15 (3H, t, J= 7.1 CO2CH2CH3), 1.22 (12H, s, NH2CH2CH2(CH2)6CH2CH2CO2Et), 1.31 (2H, br, CH2CH2CO2Et), 1.48 (2H, br, NH2CH2CH2), 2.24 (2H, br, CH2CO2Et), 2.86 (2H, d, J= 4.04, NH2CH2), 4.02 (2H, q, J= 7.1, -COOCH2CH3); δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 1.20-1.24 (15H, m, NH2CH2CH2(CH2)6CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3), 1.45 (2H, br, CH2CH2CO2Et), 1.58 (2H, br, NH2CH2CH2), 2.25 (2H, t, J= 8, CH2CO2Et), 2.67 (2H, t, J= 8, NH2CH2), 4.09 (2H, q, J= 8, CO2CH2CH3); δC (CDCl3) 14.18, 24.90, 26.77, 29.06, 29.17, 29.31, 29.44, 34.30, 41.34, 60.05, 173.78; m/z (CI) 230 (MH+), 228, 184 ; EIMS calcd. for C13H28NO2: 230.211, found: 230.212.
  • 32.In the case of the preparation of 1,3,5-triazines containing the dimethylamino group dimethylammonium chloride (1.0 mol eq.) and diisopropylethylamine (3.2 mol eq.) were used.
  • 33.Preparation of (2-methoxyethyl)methylamine (j): A stirred solution of anhydrous triethylamine (5.0 mL, 53.63 mmol), 2-(methylamino)ethanol (4.028 g, 53.63 mmol), tetrabutylammonium bromide (432 mg, 1.34 mmol) and benzyl chloride (4.1 mL, 53.63 mmol) in anhydrous benzene (40 mL) was refluxed for 2 days under argon. The mixture was partitioned between Et2O (70 mL) and aqueous sodium carbonate (50 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with diethyl ether (2 x 70 mL), the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, evaporated to dryness and purified by distillation; b.p. 86 - 90 °C/0.05 mmHg, to give 2-(benzylmethylamino)ethanol (e, 4.654 g, 79 %) as an colorless liquid; νmax (film)/cm−1 3406 (OH), 3099, 3076, 3042, 2957, 2889, 2855, 2804, 1503, 1458, 1372, 1077, 1032, 742, 702; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 2.22 (3H, s, NMe), 2.59 (2H, t J 5.2, 2-H), 2.86 (1H, br s, OH), 3.56 (2H, s, CH2Ph), 3.62 (2H, t J 5.2, 1-H), 7.28- 7.34 (5H, m, Ph); m/z (FAB) 166 (MH+), 134, 120, 107; HRMS calcd. for C10H16NO: 166.1232, found: 166.1240. To a solution of the above amino-alcohol (1.364 g, 8.25 mmol) in anhydrous THF (60 mL) at room temperature under argon was added sodium hydride (396 mg, 50 % oil dispersion, 8.25 mmol). After 15 hr was added iodomethane (0.51 ml, 8.25 mmol), stirred for 8 hr and refluxed for 1.5 hr. The mixture was partitioned between Et2O (50 mL) and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (70 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with Et2O (2 x 70 mL), the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, evaporated to dryness and chromatographed on a silica gel column (1:0 to 6:4 hexane/ethyl acetate) to afford benzyl-(2- methoxyethyl)methylamine (1.159 g, 78 %) as a slightly yellow liquid; νmax (film)/cm−1 3076, 3042, 2985, 2940, 2883, 2849, 2815, 2798, 1503, 1458, 1372, 1123, 1077, 1054, 742, 702; δH (400 MHz; CDCl3) 2.26 (3H, s, NMe), 2.60 (2H, t J 5.8, 2-H), 3.34 (3H, s, OMe), 3.51 (2H, t J 5.8, 2-H), 3.55 (2H, s, CH2Ph), 7.26-7.32 (5H, m, Ph); m/z (FAB) 180 (MH+), 166, 154, 138, 134, 120; HRMS calcd. for C11H18NO: 180.1388, found: 180.1380. A mixture of the above compound (198.9 mg, 1.11 mmol) and Pd/C (10 %) (73 mg) in ethanol (6 mL) under hydrogen atmosphere (balloon) was strongly stirred at room temperature during 1.5 hr (complete reaction by TLC). Argon atmosphere was introduced and the mixture was used directly to the next step.
  • 34.In the other examples, pure amines were added to the reaction mixture.

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