Table 2.

Factors associated with moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms.

	Univariable		Multivariable
	Prevalence ratio (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted prevalence ratioa (95% CI)	P value
Primary exposures
HIV statusb		0.64		0.37
Known positive	1.14 (0.86–1.49)		1.18 (0.94–1.49)
Newly diagnosed positive	0.97 (0.69–1.37)		1.03 (0.73–1.46)
Negative	ref		ref
Transactional sex		0.06		0.51
Any	1.29 (1.05–1.59)		1.10 (0.89–1.35)
Nonresponsec	1.28 (0.71–2.30)		1.33 (0.75–2.37)
None	ref		ref
Secondary exposures
Childhood abuse		<0.001		0.02
Any	1.97 (1.53–2.54)		1.43 (1.10–1.86)
Nonresponsec	2.08 (1.16–3.73)		1.62 (0.92–2.86)
None	ref		ref
Recent trauma		<0.001		<0.001
Any	2.76 (2.19–3.48)		2.43 (1.91–3.09)
Nonresponsec	2.35 (1.58–3.50)		1.99 (1.35–2.93)
None	ref		ref
Confounders
Age	1.01 (0.99–1.02)	0.25	–
Currently married to a woman	0.92 (0.66–1.28)	0.62	–
Education		0.11		0.30
Primary or less	ref		ref
Completed secondary	0.76 (0.58–0.99)		0.83 (0.66–1.05)
Some higher	0.85 (0.58–1.27)		0.94 (0.75–1.18)
Religion		0.19		0.41
Christian	ref		ref
Muslim	1.19 (0.91–1.56)		1.13 (0.86–1.49)
Other	0.98 (0.68–1.42)		0.97 (0.67–1.39)
None	1.37 (1.00–1.88)		1.27 (0.93–1.73)

CI, confidence interval.

^aAdjusted model includes engaged in transactional sex, childhood abuse, recent trauma, education, and religion.

^bKnown HIV-positive was defined as self-reported positive and tested positive. Newly diagnosed HIV-positive was defined as self-reported negative and tested positive. HIV-negative was defined as tested negative.

^cNonresponse included ‘don’t know’, ‘refused to answer’, and missing responses.