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. 2018 Jul 31;67(10):1976–1985. doi: 10.2337/db18-0451

Table 1.

The effects of ghrelin, Ex9, and combined ghrelin and Ex9 treatment on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, insulin clearance, and postprandial glucose flux in healthy men and women

Saline Ghrelin Ex9 Combined P
AUC G0–240 min (mg/dL)
 5,201 ± 1,806
 8,634 ± 3,238*
 5,209 ± 2,647
 11,196 ± 3,912†
 <0.0001
AUC I0–240 min (mU/L)
 5,949 ± 3,138
 9,967 ± 6,907*
 5,678 ± 2,673
 10,408 ± 7,161
 0.0002
ΔAUC I/ΔAUC G0–240 min
 159.2 ± 53.5
 132.8 ± 78.8
 220.3 ± 312.8
 98.2 ± 53
 0.0523
AUC ISR0–240 min (pmol/min)
 90,710 ± 41,439
 98,229 ± 38,765
 85,724 ± 35,692
 93,337 ± 57,799
 0.2572
Slope (pmol/min/mmol/L)
 164.5 ± 83.9
 127.1 ± 93.3
 149 ± 102.3
 86 ± 66.4†
 0.0002
Kd (pmol/mmol/L)
 1,290 ± 1,197
 642.6 ± 1,091*
 1,154 ± 875.3
 668.1 ± 765.9
 0.0078
Matsuda index
 10.25 ± 9
 8.8 ± 5.3
 8 ± 3
 6.6 ± 3.7
 0.0356
OGIS0–180 min (mL/min/kg)
 10.2 ± 1.8
 8.7 ± 1.7*
 9.4 ± 1.2
 8.5 ± 1.8
 <0.0001
DI
 1,478 ± 1,096
 1,015 ± 561
 1,971 ± 3,438
 533 ± 244†
 <0.0001
Fasting insulin clearance (mL/min)
 2.35 ± 1.5
 2.75 ± 1.5
 2.29 ± 1.05
 1.83 ± 0.66
 0.0476
Meal insulin clearance (mL/min)
 1.29 ± 0.8
 1.01 ± 0.605*
 1.17 ± 0.427
 0.817 ± 0.398
 0.0011
AUC PYY (pg/mL)
 2,936 ± 1,187
 4,337 ± 1,573*
 4,765 ± 2,029
 7,587 ± 2,189†
 <0.0001
AUC total Ra0–240 min (μmol/min/kg)
 3,864 ± 485.5
 4,156 ± 632.6
 3,916 ± 425.6
 4,130 ± 506
 0.1718
AUC Ra meal0–120 min (μmol/min/kg)
 1,981 ± 306.4
 2,294 ± 485.1*
 1,821 ± 461.8
 2,228 ± 330.7
 <0.0001
AUC EGP0–240 min (μmol/min/kg)
 1,126 ± 395.7
 1,407 ± 568.6
 1,243 ± 429.6
 1,428 ± 423.6
 0.0208
AUC glucose clearance0–240 min (mL/min/kg) 674.1 ± 102.1 589.4 ± 107.6* 646 ± 97.5 528.7 ± 88.3† <0.0001

Data are mean ± SD. Comparisons were made between 1) ghrelin and saline and 2) ghrelin and combined treatments.

*P < 0.05 acyl ghrelin vs. saline;

†P < 0.05 acyl ghrelin vs. combined.