Table 1.
PSMs | Cell Culture/Produces | Treatment (US, US + MJ/SA) |
Treatment Time (min) |
Induced by | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Saponins | Panax ginseng | 35.5 KHz (82 mW/cm3) | 1–4 | ∼1.8-fold | [22] |
Shikonin | Lithospermum erythrorhizon | 38.5 KHz (113.9 mW/cm3) | 1–8 | ∼1.7-fold | [23] |
Taxol | Taxus tree | 38.5–40 KHz (3.5–55.6 mW/cm3) |
2 | 2-fold | [21,31] |
US + MJ 60 mM | 2 | 2.5-fold | [31] | ||
US + SA 50 mg/L | 2 | 8-fold | [21] | ||
Corylus avellana | 40 kHz (4.91 W/cm2) | 2–10 | 2-fold | [33] | |
US + SA 50 mg/L | 3 | 14-fold | |||
Carotenoids | Daucus carota | 35 KHz (4W/cm2) | 10–30 | 1.5-fold | [37] |
Malus juice | 25 KHz (2W/cm2) | 60 | ∼1.4-fold | [38] | |
Resveratrol | Vitis fruit skin | 40 kHz | 5 | 8-fold | [14] |
Vitis leaves | 40 kHz | 15 | 1.9-fold | ||
Vitis fruit juice | 40 kHz | 5 | 1.5-fold | [20] | |
Arachis hypogaea kernel | 20–25 KHz (25–120 mW/cm3) |
2–8 | ∼319-fold | [18,19,48] | |
US + 254 nm UV | (2–8) + (10–30) | ∼211-fold | [19,41,48] | ||
Arachis hypogaea sprout | 100 KHz | 20 | ∼3.34-fold | [50] | |
Piceid | Arachis hypogaea kernel | 20 KHz (25–75 mW/cm3) | 2–8 | ∼213-fold | [19] |
US + UV | (12 + 10) | 2.5-fold | [42] | ||
Total stilbenes | Arachis hypogaea kernel | 20 KHz (25–75 mW/cm3) | 2–8 | ∼97-fold | [19] |
Total phenolics | Arachis hypogaea kernel | 39.2 mW/cm3 | 4 | 2.2-fold | [42] |
US + UV | (4 + 10) | 1.5-fold | |||
Panax ginseng | 38.5 kHz (14 to 61 mW/cm3) | 2 | 5-fold | [45] | |
Daucus carota | 24 kHz | 5 | ∼2.3-fold | [43] | |
Lactuca sativa | 25 kHz | 1–3 | ∼1.4-fold | [44] | |
Taxus tree | 40 KHz | 2 | 2-fold | [21] | |
US + SA 50 mg/L | 2 | 2.5-fod | |||
Corylus avellana | 40 kHz (4.91 W/cm2) | 3 | 1.2-fold | [33] | |
p-Coumaric acid | Arachis hypogaea kernel | 40 mW/cm3 | 8 | 4-fold | [41] |
US + UV | (8 + 10) | 7-fold | |||
Ferulic acid | 40 mW/cm3 | 12 | 14-fold | ||
US + UV | (8 + 10) | 24-fold | |||
Caffeic acid | US + UV | (8 + 10) | 4.2-fold | ||
Daidzein | Genista tinctoria | 35 KHz (0.1 mW/cm3) | 5 | 2-fold | [56] |